Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need to shift from "scale control" to "quality and efficiency" in ecological environmental protection, highlighting the importance of collaborative governance and tailored approaches to achieve effective results in safeguarding the environment [1][2]. Group 1: Collaborative Governance - The establishment of a unified collaborative evaluation system is recommended, linking the reduction of key industry pollutants with carbon reduction benefits, and providing financial and tax incentives for collaborative governance projects [1]. - A "collaborative control list" should be implemented for multi-pollutant management, promoting integrated monitoring technologies in air and water pollution control to connect cross-medium pollution management [1]. - A cross-regional ecological compensation mechanism is suggested to enhance joint prevention and control among upstream and downstream entities, along with expanding pilot projects for cross-regional pollutant discharge rights trading to share costs and benefits [1]. Group 2: Institutional Foundation - The article advocates for the activation of the core functions of "pollution discharge permits" by constructing a smart regulatory system and upgrading the national pollution discharge permit regulatory platform, integrating technologies like satellite remote sensing and online monitoring [1]. - A differentiated enforcement approach using "double random + credit supervision" is proposed, along with the improvement of a full-chain linkage mechanism involving environmental impact assessment, permitting, enforcement, and inspection to ensure seamless connection between approval and regulation [1]. Group 3: Tailored Approaches - The article stresses the importance of adopting local experiences in "carbon-pollution linkage" enforcement and smart regulatory platforms, summarizing replicable collaborative governance models while respecting regional pollution characteristics to avoid a one-size-fits-all approach [2]. - The shift in ecological governance from "scale control" to "quality and efficiency" is highlighted, advocating for a combination of rigid institutional frameworks with flexible governance strategies [2].