在联盟防务上，德国陷入对美信任危机。美国新版国家安全战略报告中明确提出"联盟防务成本转移"。 面对美国压力，2025年北约峰会上各国同意将国防支出在2035年前提升至占各国GDP的5%。德国为此 修改宪法，其国防预算未来将不再受"债务刹车"财政纪律制约。至2029年核心国防支出将满足占 GDP3.5%的北约标准。然而，德国在北约联盟防务费用上的妥协未能换来特朗普政府在俄乌和谈中对 欧盟意见的尊重，也未能说服美国放弃对格陵兰岛的权力诉求。默茨在达沃斯论坛上直言，欧洲须具备 独立防御能力，捍卫欧洲主权，减少经济和技术依赖，针对美国之意明显。德国科学与政治基金会报告 指出，保障欧洲安全数十载的美国治下的"和平时代"即将结束，欧洲必须讨论摆脱对美依赖路径，包 括"北约欧洲化"的可行性，即由欧洲国家接管北约作战和战术指挥机构。鉴于此，在欧洲安全上，德国 难以再完全信任美国，转而致力于提升欧盟防御力，但在操作层面仍面临较大阻力。一是，在欧洲，德 国拥有最多美军基地，二战后德美防务合作在技术与指挥层面高度互嵌；二是，德国与欧洲依赖美 国"核保护"，法国和英国核资源不足以覆盖欧洲全境；三是，德国促进国内军工发展，但塑造欧洲共 ...

Core Points - Friedrich Merz faced a challenging day as he narrowly passed the first round of voting for the German chancellorship, lacking full support from the two ruling parties [1][2] - The German government has been paralyzed for six months, missing numerous opportunities during this time, highlighting the need for a stable government amid global political turmoil [2][3] - The rise of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party poses a significant challenge to traditional parties, reflecting a shift in the political landscape [4][5] Group 1: Government Formation and Leadership Style - Merz's leadership style is characterized by a hands-on approach, indicating a desire to exert control over cabinet selections and government operations [5][6] - The new cabinet is composed of a mix of business professionals, reflecting a shift towards a "managerial cabinet" focused on economic revitalization [8][9] - Criticism arises regarding the lack of representation from social professionals and civil society organizations, raising concerns about governance by a wealthy elite [9][10] Group 2: Foreign Policy and Security - The foreign minister position has returned to the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), marking a significant shift in German diplomatic tradition [11] - Merz emphasizes a strong foreign policy framework, with a focus on strengthening Europe, maintaining transatlantic relations, and adopting a firm security stance [11][12] - Initial foreign visits to Paris and Poland indicate a proactive approach to international relations, with discussions on nuclear protection and support for Ukraine [12][13]