近期，我国多地遭遇冻雨天气，给交通出行、电力供应及民众生活带来一定影响。针对此次冻雨天 气的形成原因、影响范围及后续防御措施，记者采访了中央气象台首席预报员陈博宇，给大家进行详细 解读。 冻雨形成机制特殊 破坏力远超普通雨雪 陈博宇介绍，冻雨是高空大气中的过冷水滴碰到地面低于0℃的物体后，立刻冻结成冰的灾害性天 气，其破坏力远大于普通降雨和降雪，强冻雨过程会让道路瞬间变成"冰场"，还可能压断电线、损害农 作物。 从形成原理来看，冻雨的出现关键在于中低空（地表至高空5km）出现"逆温层"，形成"上冷—— 中暖——下冷"的夹心饼干式大气结构。具体过程为：在较高的云层中（通常温度低于0°C），降水以 雪花形式开始下落；下落至"逆温层"后，完全融化成温度高于0°C的液态雨滴；融化的雨滴继续下落， 进入近地面的浅薄冷层，由于冷层过薄，雨滴没有足够时间在空气中重新冻结成冰粒，而是被迅速冷却 到0°C以下仍保持液态，形成"过冷水滴"；当这些过冷雨滴接触到地面或物体（如树木、电线、道路、 汽车）表面时，因物体表面温度低于0°C，雨滴会立即蔓延并冻结，形成光滑、透明或半透明的冰壳。 与普通降雨"全程液态"、普通降雪"全程固态" ...

Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave is affecting a large part of China, bringing extreme low temperatures, rain, snow, and ice, with the China Meteorological Administration issuing multiple weather warnings and emergency responses [1][2]. Group 1: Weather Impact - The cold wave has led to a drastic drop in temperatures, particularly in southern regions, with some areas experiencing freezing rain [1]. - The cold air mass from Siberia is responsible for this cold wave, which is characterized by a broad impact area, prolonged duration, and significant temperature drops [1][2]. - The central and eastern parts of China will experience extensive rain and snow, with specific regions like Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou facing freezing rain lasting 2 to 3 days, accumulating between 5 to 10 millimeters [2]. Group 2: Mechanism of Freezing Rain - The formation of freezing rain is linked to a temperature inversion where warm air exists above cold air, causing ice crystals to melt into supercooled water droplets that freeze upon contact with surfaces [2]. - Many affected areas have low cloud layers, resulting in freezing rain primarily from supercooled droplets rather than ice crystals [2]. Group 3: Risks and Precautions - The combination of low temperatures and freezing rain poses risks such as road icing, damage to electrical and communication infrastructure, and agricultural harm [3]. - Public safety measures are advised, including precautions against slipping and freezing, as well as ensuring proper warmth during outdoor activities [3].

Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave is affecting most parts of China, bringing widespread low temperatures, rain, snow, and ice, with severe impacts particularly in southern regions [1][3][4] Group 1: Weather Impact - The cold wave began on January 17, with a drastic drop in temperatures, especially in southern regions like Hunan and Guizhou, which experienced freezing rain [1][3] - The Central Meteorological Administration issued multiple weather warnings, including a yellow alert for cold waves, freezing, and blizzards on January 18 [3] - The cold air system, originating from Siberia, is spreading southward, affecting a large area with significant temperature drops and prolonged cold conditions [3][4] Group 2: Rain and Snow Conditions - A complex precipitation pattern is expected, with rain, snow, and freezing rain occurring in various regions, particularly from the Qinling Mountains to the Huai River [4] - Areas such as Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou are forecasted to experience significant freezing rain, with accumulations of 5 to 10 millimeters [4] Group 3: Future Weather Outlook - The rain and snow are expected to weaken between January 20 and 21, but low temperatures will persist until around January 23, when a noticeable warming trend is anticipated [5] - After January 23, temperatures in southern regions may return to or exceed normal levels for this time of year, alleviating the severe cold conditions [5] Group 4: Public Safety and Preparedness - Authorities are advising the public to be cautious of potential secondary risks from the cold wave, including icy roads, damage to electrical and communication infrastructure, and agricultural frost [5] - The China Meteorological Administration is coordinating with transportation and energy departments to ensure safety and manage increased heating demands due to the cold [5]