Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the transformative changes in the ecological protection and governance of the Yangtze River since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, emphasizing a shift from extensive development to comprehensive protection of the river ecosystem [1][2]. Summary by Sections Ecological Protection and Water Resource Management - The Yangtze River serves as a crucial water resource for over 470 million people in its basin and benefits more than 250 million people in northern water-scarce regions through various water diversion projects [2]. - The Yangtze River Commission has prioritized ecological restoration, ensuring ecological flow, and has eliminated over 90,000 kilometers of dehydrated river sections [2]. - The water quality compliance rate for important drinking water sources in the Yangtze River basin increased from 97.56% in 2020 to 99.5% in 2024, with the main river maintaining Class II water quality for five consecutive years [3]. Systematic Governance Approach - The governance of the Yangtze River has shifted from fragmented management to a systematic approach, emphasizing collaboration among provinces and departments [4][5]. - A specialized protection agency for the Han River basin was established in June 2024 to enhance cross-province cooperation in water resource management [5]. - The Yangtze River Commission has implemented a unified scheduling mechanism for 132 water projects, improving flood control and resource utilization [6]. Community and Economic Benefits - The governance model emphasizes the principle of "people first," ensuring that the benefits of ecological protection are shared with the public [7]. - The Yangtze River's ecological resources support local industries, such as the cultivation of over 300,000 acres of pears in Chongqing and the production of high-quality rice in Hubei, benefiting over 1 million households [7]. - The Yangtze River's governance practices are being recognized internationally, providing a replicable model for river management in other countries [8].