Core Insights - The report by the National Institute of Financial Development (NIFD) focuses on the development logic, market status, risks, challenges, and future trends of asset tokenization in the Web 3.0 era, analyzing its transformative significance for the traditional financial system and providing references for industry participants and regulators [1]. Group 1: Development Logic and Market Status - The core logic of asset tokenization stems from the pursuit of a "complete market" as defined by Arrow-Debreu, utilizing blockchain technology to package and segment virtual crypto assets with real assets into programmable, composable, and atomic settlement tokens, thereby reducing transaction costs and approaching the ideal financial market [1]. - Compared to asset securitization, tokens possess three key characteristics: programmability, composability and divisibility, and 24/7 atomic settlement, which enhance resource time allocation efficiency and position them as the foundation of decentralized finance (DeFi), potentially replacing traditional banking and capital market systems in the future [1][2]. - As of Q1 2025, global Web3 wallet users are expected to reach 580 million, with a market value exceeding $4.3 trillion, indicating the large-scale application of asset tokenization across various sectors, including industrial internet [2]. Group 2: Types and Applications of Asset Tokenization - Asset tokenization is clearly categorized, with stablecoins (primarily fiat-collateralized, such as USDT) serving the value exchange function between virtual and real worlds, while non-stablecoins include cryptocurrencies (like Bitcoin), smart contract platform tokens (like RWA), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) [2]. - The process of asset tokenization involves packaging assets, locking them in smart contracts, and cross-chain data integration, with Ethereum and Solana being the primary technical carriers [2]. Group 3: Risks and Regulatory Challenges - Asset tokenization faces three core risks: systemic risk due to the immutability of on-chain smart contracts and potential cross-chain failures; moral hazard from centralized power among on-chain verification nodes and oracle service providers; and regulatory gaps, particularly in cross-border coordination [3]. - The liquidity risk of stablecoins has been highlighted by events such as the collapse of TerraUSD in 2022 and the price fluctuations of USDC in 2023, exposing vulnerabilities in reserve asset liquidity and financing [3]. Group 4: Future Trends - Asset tokenization is expected to usher in a "new era of virtual-real integration," with the U.S. leveraging stablecoins to support government debt and create a unified tokenized capital market, thereby reinforcing the dominance of the U.S. dollar [3][7]. - The report emphasizes that while asset tokenization may trigger crises, it remains an inevitable direction for financial innovation, necessitating improved regulatory frameworks and enhanced international cooperation to support its role as a core pillar of the digital economy [3][8].