Core Viewpoint - Establishing a non-consensus project screening mechanism is essential for advancing innovative breakthroughs in China's technological development, particularly in the context of basic research and original innovation [1][2][4]. Group 1: Non-Consensus Projects - Non-consensus projects are characterized by high innovation but lack consensus, making them difficult to identify and fund through traditional expert review processes [1][2]. - These projects are increasingly recognized as critical by major technological powers worldwide, prompting efforts to innovate institutional frameworks to support them [1][2]. Group 2: Importance of Basic Research - Basic research is the foundation of technological innovation, and there is a pressing need to explore uncharted territories in science where existing knowledge and standards do not apply [2][3]. - The lack of consensus on whether to pursue certain high-risk innovative fields highlights the need for a structured approach to support and evaluate these projects [2][3]. Group 3: Screening Mechanism Implementation - The implementation of a non-consensus project screening mechanism involves clear positioning, optimized selection methods, and robust management processes [3]. - The National Natural Science Foundation of China is establishing a committee of high-level scientists to ensure that the selection process is objective and fair, utilizing unconventional methods such as interactive discussions and committee deliberations [3]. Group 4: Encouraging Innovation - The initiative aims to support researchers in exploring significant research directions in areas of international technological competition, encouraging bold exploration rather than following trends [4]. - Beijing has begun to explore the expert recommendation mechanism for non-consensus projects, providing valuable experience for other regions to support innovative research [4].