霍华德马克斯在《价值演算》中直言："投资的成败主要取决于对盈利能力的判断是否正确。"而这种精 准判断的内核，正是认知的深度。查理芒格亦曾强调，"配得上"想要的事物，本质是让认知匹配价值。 你能看到的各行各业的聪明人都有一个共通点，就是酷爱读书、坚持阅读。做投资更需要通过读书，从 更长远的时空来观察事物，找出变化中的不变，深刻认知事物的第一性原理，发现投资价值。 在快速流变的世界里，谁也无法基于当下作出对未来的判断；即便这个时代最厉害的人，也同样被局限 在这个时代里。只有将时间拉长，去对话几百年甚至上千年前的人、去对话宇宙万事万物，才能突破我 们被局限的认知，进而提升认知。而对话的工具就是——读书。 金秋十月、秋风飒爽，创业资本汇携手一众投资大咖，向读者朋友们分享他们喜爱的书籍，一同顺着指 尖穿越时空，寻找认知的高点。本期为第六期，我们邀请到江远投资合伙人周晖作分享。 江远投资合伙人周晖 《创新者的窘境》作者：克莱顿.克里斯坦森(Clayton M.Christensen) 推荐语：作为哈佛商学院教授，克里斯坦森通过硬盘、汽车等行业案例，提出"颠覆性创新"理论。他指 出，领先企业往往因过度关注主流市场需求、依赖 ...

在快速流变的世界里，谁也无法基于当下作出对未来的判断；即便这个时代最厉害的人，也同样被局限 在这个时代里。只有将时间拉长，去对话几百年甚至上千年前的人、去对话宇宙万事万物，才能突破我 们被局限的认知，进而提升认知。而对话的工具就是——读书。 你能看到的各行各业的聪明人都有一个共通点，就是酷爱读书、坚持阅读。做投资更需要通过读书，从 更长远的时空来观察事物，找出变化中的不变，深刻认知事物的第一性原理，发现投资价值。 霍华德・马克斯在《价值演算》中直言："投资的成败主要取决于对盈利能力的判断是否正确。"而这种 精准判断的内核，正是认知的深度。查理・芒格亦曾强调，"配得上"想要的事物，本质是让认知匹配价 值。 《创新者的窘境》 作者：克莱顿·克里斯坦森（Clayton M. Christensen） 推荐语：作为哈佛商学院教授，克里斯坦森通过硬盘、汽车等行业案例，提出"颠覆性创新"理论。他指 出，领先企业往往因过度关注主流市场需求、依赖延续性创新，而忽视低端或新兴市场的破坏性技术 （比如更简单、更便宜的产品），最终被颠覆。 对创投机构而言，这本书提供了反直觉的投资视角——真正的颠覆者未必是技术最先进的企业，而是能 ...

Group 1 - Cathie Wood's ARK Invest has significantly increased its holdings in Chinese tech stocks, notably Alibaba and Baidu, indicating a strong belief in the potential of these companies amidst a global AI boom [1][2] - ARK Invest purchased approximately $16.3 million worth of Alibaba shares and raised its total holdings in Baidu to $47 million, reflecting a strategic move to capitalize on the perceived undervaluation of Chinese tech firms [1][2] - The investment decisions are seen as a signal that international capital is reassessing the intrinsic value of previously overlooked Chinese tech giants in light of the AI revolution [1][2] Group 2 - The recent surge in generative AI has prompted a reevaluation of Chinese tech companies, with Alibaba and Baidu being early adopters of large language models, enhancing their competitive edge in the AI landscape [2][3] - Cathie Wood's investment philosophy emphasizes disruptive innovation, suggesting that the narrative around Chinese stocks is shifting from business model innovation to fundamental technological advancements [3] - Despite a rebound in stock prices, many Chinese tech companies still exhibit historically low valuation metrics compared to their U.S. counterparts, presenting an attractive investment opportunity for growth-focused funds [3] Group 3 - The ongoing revaluation driven by AI is just beginning, and while it may face challenges from macroeconomic fluctuations and geopolitical tensions, overlooking the potential of Chinese AI players could result in significant opportunity costs for global investors [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of "disruptive innovation" as a key focus in technological development, rooted in Clayton Christensen's theory from nearly 30 years ago, which continues to inspire new thoughts and reflections among businesses and individuals [3][4]. Summary by Sections About the Book - Christensen's book, published in 1997, remains relevant today, as evidenced by a 2019 study in *Nature* that builds on the concept of disruptive innovation. The book analyzes over 30 years of the hard disk industry, arguing that many companies fail not due to poor management or insufficient R&D, but because well-managed companies lose market share [6][8]. Two Types of Innovation - The author distinguishes between two types of innovation: sustaining innovation, which optimizes existing technologies, and disruptive innovation, which creates new markets and ultimately replaces existing products. Established companies typically engage in sustaining innovation, while startups rely on disruptive innovation to capture market share [7][8]. Reasons for Failure - Mature companies struggle with disruptive innovation due to their entrenchment in existing value networks, which prioritize stable, high-margin customers over uncertain, low-margin emerging markets. This leads to missed opportunities, as illustrated by the example of Seagate's failure to capitalize on the 3.5-inch hard drive due to its focus on desktop computer manufacturers [9][11]. How to Overcome the Innovation Dilemma - To avoid the innovation dilemma, mature companies can adopt three strategies: altering the growth rate of emerging markets, entering markets once they reach a certain scale, or establishing independent units for experimentation. The third option is favored, as it allows for more flexibility and innovation without the constraints of established processes and culture [12][13]. Other Possible Implications - The book's insights may extend beyond corporate management to historical studies, such as the decline of empires, suggesting that bureaucratic inertia and corruption can lead to failure. This cross-disciplinary approach could provide new perspectives on both corporate and historical decline [14][16].

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of new consumption trends is reshaping market competition, driven by the generational shift in mainstream consumer groups, particularly urban middle-class and younger demographics who prioritize quality and experience over mere affordability [1][22]. Group 1: Industry Trends - The rapid rise of food delivery and instant retail is providing diverse fast-food solutions, prompting traditional fast-food industries to accelerate transformation and innovation [1]. - The Chinese instant noodle market, with a consumption of 42.2 billion servings in 2023, shows significant growth potential compared to Japan and South Korea, indicating a shift in consumer demands towards quality and convenience [22]. Group 2: Company Innovation - Kang Shifu has launched the "Special Fresh Boiled Noodles," a disruptive innovation that introduces a new category of instant noodles, utilizing a unique single-basket boiling process to enhance taste and redefine quality standards [2][8]. - The product achieved remarkable market performance, with over 100,000 orders within three days of launch and 140,000 orders within a week, becoming a top seller on Douyin [4][12]. Group 3: Competitive Advantages - The core competitive advantage of "Special Fresh Boiled Noodles" lies in its technological innovation, which addresses the common issue of taste in traditional instant noodles by simulating the cooking process of fresh noodles [8][10]. - Kang Shifu has established a new industry standard for fresh boiled noodles, moving away from traditional methods and creating a technical moat with the "5132 Fresh Boiling Standard" [10][20]. Group 4: Market Strategy - The product's market strategy effectively targets the dual consumption needs of modern young consumers who seek both convenience and high quality, thus reshaping their perception of instant noodles [12][23]. - The pricing strategy aligns with dine-in and delivery options, aiming to capture the mid-to-high-end instant noodle market, which could enhance overall profitability for Kang Shifu [16][18]. Group 5: Capital Market Implications - The successful launch of "Special Fresh Boiled Noodles" signals Kang Shifu's capability for disruptive innovation, potentially leading to a re-evaluation of its long-term investment value in the capital market [14][15]. - The rapid sell-out of the product serves as a catalyst for changing market perceptions regarding consumer demand for high-end instant food products and Kang Shifu's brand influence [18][20].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges faced by innovation hubs like Boston and compares them to similar issues in Chinese cities, emphasizing the need for a conducive environment to retain talent and foster innovation [11][12][30]. Group 1: Current State of Innovation Hubs - Boston has seen a doubling of laboratory space to 48.4 million square feet over the past five years, yet it faces a record vacancy rate exceeding 30% [8]. - Venture capital investment in Boston is declining, with California attracting more venture capital than the entire Northeastern U.S. combined [11]. - The region, despite its academic prestige, is becoming a "talent supply area" rather than an "innovation habitat," as many graduates leave to realize their potential elsewhere [12]. Group 2: The Need for Different Types of Innovators - The article highlights a paradox where Massachusetts produces many "smart people," but lacks the "crazy" innovators necessary for disruptive innovation [16][18]. - "Crazy" innovators are characterized by their willingness to take risks and challenge norms, which is essential for groundbreaking advancements [18]. - The success of companies like Facebook and Dropbox illustrates the trend of talent originating from prestigious institutions but ultimately establishing themselves in more conducive environments like Silicon Valley [13][19]. Group 3: Barriers to Retaining Innovators - Three main barriers are identified: rigid mechanisms that stifle entrepreneurial initiatives, a conservative culture that lacks tolerance for failure, and a capital environment that favors short-term returns over long-term innovation [21][25][27]. - The article argues that the lack of quick success stories in a region can lead to a vicious cycle where investors withdraw, further stagnating the ecosystem [27]. Group 4: Strategies for Improvement - To retain and cultivate "crazy" innovators, cities need to enhance interaction opportunities among diverse talent, create tangible outcomes from ideas, and balance funding strategies to support both long-term and short-term projects [31][33][36]. - The article emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive ecosystem where entrepreneurs feel understood and appreciated, transforming the city from a place of education to one of actionable innovation [36][38].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes that Casarte is a leader in the water heater market, driving innovation and setting industry standards rather than merely following trends [1][9] - The high-end water heater market is experiencing significant growth, with Casarte achieving a retail market share of 18% in the first half of 2025, leading the industry [1][9] - Casarte's innovative products, such as the "Crystal Tank" water heater, address consumer health concerns by eliminating metal impurities and enhancing user experience [3][4] Market Performance - In the first half of 2025, the offline sales growth rates for electric and gas water heaters were 17.9% and 18.7% respectively, with average prices increasing [1] - Casarte's electric water heater segment achieved a remarkable year-on-year growth of 71%, while gas water heaters saw a growth of 28.1% [1][9] - The top 10 models in the industry saw Casarte occupy 6 positions, indicating strong brand performance [4] Technological Innovation - Casarte's "Crystal Tank" technology eliminates corrosion and sediment issues associated with traditional water heaters, promoting a healthier bathing experience [3][4] - The FOF triple anti-scaling technology and a four-layer purification system achieve over 99.9% descaling and 99.99% antibacterial rates [4] - The "Level 1 Energy Efficiency" water heater utilizes aerospace-grade centrifugal atomization technology to effectively manage condensate water, enhancing safety and efficiency [6][7] Industry Trends - The water heater market is shifting focus from technical specifications to health performance and user comfort, with a trend towards larger capacity and premium products [9][11] - Market concentration is increasing, with the top three brands, including Casarte, holding over 65% of the market share [9] - Brands are investing in core technology and multi-dimensional innovation to enhance adaptability and resilience in a competitive landscape [11]

Core Viewpoint - Robinhood Markets has experienced a significant turnaround, with its stock price increasing nearly 500% over the past year, indicating strong potential for long-term investors [2][4]. Company Performance - Robinhood's revenue for the second quarter rose by 45% year over year to $989 million, with net income more than doubling to $386 million [4]. - Key metrics such as total platform assets, net deposits, and subscribers to the Gold premium option have shown positive trends [4]. Market Position and Strategy - The company has established itself as a serious financial services provider, moving beyond its initial challenges related to the meme stock phenomenon and regulatory scrutiny [3][4]. - Robinhood is recognized for its commission-free trading model, appealing to younger generations and making stock and cryptocurrency investing more mainstream [8][9]. Growth Potential - Despite a high forward price-to-earnings ratio compared to the average for financial stocks, Robinhood's long-term prospects remain attractive due to its popularity among younger users and ongoing product expansion [5][7]. - The company is diversifying its offerings, including retirement accounts, lending products, and international expansion into markets like the U.K. [9][10]. Future Outlook - Increased user activity is expected as younger generations enter the workforce, which could lead to solid returns for investors willing to hold the stock long-term [10].

Group 1 - The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has not yet reached the level of human curiosity and exploration [1] - A breakthrough in gravitational wave astronomy has been made by a research team from the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, suggesting that double black holes may be hiding a larger "mysterious body" nearby [1] Group 2 - A collaborative research team from Yanshan University has theoretically predicted that fluorine and helium can react under extreme conditions, forming a stable compound He3F2 [2] - A study from the University of South Australia has clarified that dietary cholesterol from eggs does not pose a threat to heart health, with saturated fats being the actual concern [2] - Research from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has revealed that potatoes evolved from the ancestors of tomatoes around 9 million years ago, showcasing the impact of hybridization on new species [2] - A multinational team of scientists has discovered that glasswing butterflies use scent to identify each other, highlighting the evolutionary adaptations in their social interactions [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges faced by Huawei and critiques Ren Zhengfei's understanding of disruptive innovation, suggesting that Huawei is on a path to decline similar to that of past tech giants like Motorola and Nokia [3][4][12]. Group 1: Critique of Ren Zhengfei's Views - The author believes that Ren Zhengfei's understanding of disruptive innovation is superficial and fundamentally flawed, which could lead to Huawei's downfall [3][4]. - The article argues that Huawei's reliance on "incremental technology" in a disruptive innovation environment is unsustainable [4][12]. - Ren's emphasis on maintaining traditional business models and avoiding radical changes is seen as a potential hindrance to Huawei's adaptability in a rapidly evolving market [5][7]. Group 2: Historical Comparisons - The author compares Huawei's current situation to that of Motorola and Nokia, suggesting that if these giants could fail, Huawei is not immune to the same fate [4][8]. - The article highlights that Huawei's competitors, such as Nokia and Ericsson, have either fallen to second-tier status or disappeared entirely, raising concerns about Huawei's future [8][12]. Group 3: Innovation and Market Position - The article posits that Huawei has missed opportunities in the smartphone market due to its focus on core business areas, which has limited its ability to innovate in consumer electronics [11][12]. - It is suggested that Huawei's strategy of focusing solely on its main business may prevent it from capitalizing on emerging trends and technologies [12][13]. Group 4: Company Culture and Employee Management - The author criticizes Huawei's collective ownership and management style, arguing that it may not resonate with younger employees and could hinder innovation [15]. - However, a counterpoint is made that Huawei's culture of collective effort and employee ownership has been crucial for its resilience and success [16].