Inflation and Monetary Policy - The Federal Reserve has shifted from the "Average Inflation Targeting" (FAIT) framework to a "Flexible Inflation Targeting" (FIT) approach, acknowledging that the previous strategy is not suitable for the post-pandemic economic environment[2] - The Fed has removed the "Effective Lower Bound" (ELB) as a core economic feature, emphasizing the need for a monetary policy framework that adapts to the current high inflation and high interest rate environment[2] - The long-term inflation target remains at 2%, but the Fed will not set specific numerical targets for employment[4] Employment and Economic Outlook - Powell expressed concerns about the labor market, indicating that while the unemployment rate is at 4.2%, it masks underlying risks due to a slowdown in both labor supply and demand[3] - The Fed's focus has shifted from prioritizing inflation to addressing employment shortfalls, with a greater emphasis on preventive measures rather than reactive ones[3] - Powell noted that tariffs are likely to have a one-time impact on price levels, suggesting that the weak labor market will suppress inflationary pressures[3] Market Reactions and Future Expectations - Following Powell's dovish remarks, U.S. stock markets rose, bond yields fell, gold prices increased, and the dollar index declined, indicating strengthened expectations for a rate cut in September[3] - The report suggests that a rate cut in September is highly probable, with limited impact from upcoming employment and inflation data unless they deviate significantly from expectations[4] Risk Factors - Potential risks include unexpected inflationary pressures from tariffs and a sharper-than-expected decline in the U.S. economy and employment[4]