Core Insights - The project represents the first completed surface substrate survey in Northeast China's black soil region, covering 83 key protection counties and establishing a new model for farmland protection based on surface substrate [1][2] Group 1: Project Overview - The survey was led by the China Geological Survey and involved five organizations, taking three years to complete [1] - The investigation covered an area of 411,700 square kilometers, approximately 38% of the total black soil area in China [1] - A total of 711 personnel and 538 pieces of equipment were utilized, with 21,242 boreholes and 8,077 natural profiles and trenches completed [1] Group 2: Findings and Models - The survey quantified black soil resources for the first time, identifying a distribution area of 387,500 square kilometers, which is about 94% of the surveyed area [2] - The project established a stability evaluation model and a comprehensive quality evaluation model based on soil thickness, organic matter content, and nutrient levels [2] - The results indicated that 86.34% of the black soil area is stable or relatively stable, while 13,500 square kilometers face significant degradation risks [2] Group 3: Carbon Storage and Resource Potential - The project identified 13,600 square kilometers of potential backup arable land, primarily in Inner Mongolia, western Jilin, and southwestern Heilongjiang [3] - The total carbon storage in the surface substrate layer to a depth of 2 meters was calculated at 3.401 billion tons, with organic carbon storage at 2.117 billion tons [3] - The project developed a "3-level 5-category" classification system for surface substrates, enhancing the theoretical framework for soil management [3] Group 4: Future Directions - The surface substrate survey will expand its coverage to better understand black soil resources and establish a regular monitoring network [4] - The project aims to integrate with land spatial planning, agricultural layout, ecological restoration, and carbon assessment, promoting a shift from "surface management" to "substrate management" [4]

Group 1 - The Longcheng City Discipline Inspection Commission and Supervisory Committee have established a joint inspection team to monitor high-standard farmland construction in Yushu City, focusing on the sustainable use of black soil resources and food security [1] - A total of 540 projects and 60 subsidy funds related to black soil protection and utilization have been thoroughly investigated, with a focus on farmland protection, construction, and subsidy distribution [1] - The commission has created a special supervision work manual for black soil protection and utilization, conducting 39 inspections in 2024 and identifying 170 issues, with 146 issues rectified immediately [1] Group 2 - The Longcheng City Discipline Inspection Commission emphasizes case handling as a key approach to promote black soil protection, actively seeking problem leads from various sources [2] - A total of 295 problem leads related to black soil protection have been processed, resulting in 242 cases filed and 217 individuals receiving disciplinary actions [2] - The Yushu City Discipline Inspection Commission focuses on black soil protection and high-standard farmland construction, identifying regulatory blind spots and risks, leading to the investigation of illegal land occupation and the restoration of 102.27 acres of farmland [2] Group 3 - The Gongzhuling City Discipline Inspection Commission closely monitors responsibility implementation, project management, fund usage, and engineering quality in high-standard farmland construction [3] - A collaborative supervision mechanism has been established with various departments to enhance the effectiveness of supervision and address issues found during inspections [3] - The commission provides feedback on identified issues to responsible units and reports to city-level leaders, ensuring thorough rectification of problems [3]