加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关。 ——摘自"十五五"规划建议 接下来，我们计划测量能量范围更为宽泛的质子能谱，最终覆盖4个量级的能量区间。展望"十五五"， 团队将进一步深耕科学数据、推动技术升级，面向国际基础研究重大前沿问题，不断探索和解答宇宙线 研究领域的科学问题。 （作者为中国科学院高能物理研究所副研究员，本报记者游仪采访整理） ■延伸阅读 "拉索"如何探测宇宙高能粒子信号 宇宙中充满高能粒子流，即宇宙线。这些来自宇宙深处的"信使"，携带了其诞生地和宇宙极端环境的神 秘信息。其中，千万亿电子伏特（拍电子伏特）左右能区的宇宙线数量会断崖式下降，这个结构因为形 似人的膝盖，被称为"膝"区。然而，"膝"区的宇宙线稀少，卫星探测器面积有限，探测如同大海捞 针。"拉索"如同一双慧眼，能清晰地将质子从纷繁复杂的粒子中筛选出来并进行精确测量。 2025年11月16日，当"'拉索'破解宇宙线'膝'形成之谜"科学成果对全社会发布时，我悬着的心终于落了 地。 高海拔宇宙线观测站（LHAASO，中文简称"拉索"）在四川稻城县海子山上建成后，我们便投入到了数 据分析中。经过多年的观测运行、不断验证，我们终于发现，黑洞吸积驱动的微 ...

Core Insights - The recent findings from the LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) reveal that microquasars driven by black hole accretion are powerful particle accelerators in the Milky Way, capable of accelerating protons to the PeV energy range, indicating black holes as likely sources of cosmic rays [1][2][3] Group 1: Scientific Discoveries - LHAASO has systematically detected ultra-high-energy gamma rays from five microquasars, with SS 433 showing a strong correlation between its ultra-high-energy radiation and surrounding giant atomic clouds, suggesting high-energy protons accelerated by black holes [2][3] - The proton energy from the system exceeds 1 PeV, with a total power output of approximately 10^32 joules per second, while gamma rays from V4641 Sgr reach 0.8 PeV, marking it as another "super PeV particle accelerator" [2][3] Group 2: Cosmic Ray Research - The cosmic ray energy spectrum exhibits a critical knee feature around 3 PeV, where the number of higher-energy cosmic rays sharply decreases, a measurement previously deemed nearly impossible [3] - LHAASO's advanced ground observation technology has successfully measured a high-purity proton sample, revealing an unexpected energy spectrum structure and a new high-energy component [3] Group 3: Implications for Astrophysics - This research establishes a connection between the knee structure and specific celestial bodies, particularly black hole jet systems, indicating that microquasars are new sources of cosmic rays with acceleration limits exceeding those of supernova remnants [3][4] - The findings provide significant observational evidence for understanding the role of black holes in the origin of cosmic rays, addressing a long-standing challenge in the field of astrophysics [3]