英国《泰晤士报》 12 月 21 日文章，原题：在学校里并不出众？你或许会厚积薄发、晚些时候成就一番伟 业 从诺贝尔奖得主到奥运冠军，在世界最高水平竞技舞台上占据主导地位的，往往是那些大器晚成 者，而非早慧的天才神童。近日，一项发表于美国《科学》期刊、由德国凯泽斯劳滕—兰道大学的阿内 ·居利希教授主导的研究发现，人们印象中的"神童"——比如年幼的心算天才或拉小提琴的幼童——并 不一定能在未来成长为伟大之人。相反，他们的人生路往往更缓慢，也更加曲折。 这项研究考察了科学、体育、音乐和国际象棋等领域，分析了超过3.4万名精英人士的成长路径。结果 显示，小时候是否"天赋异禀"，并不是决定成年后能否取得伟大成就的关键因素，过早地展示智慧锋芒 甚至可能成为成功路上的障碍。童年时期表现突出的孩子，往往并未在成年后走到金字塔尖。在许多领 域，只有大约10%的"神童"最终成长为世界级大师。对那些学生时代并不起眼的人来说，这或许是个好 消息。 阿内·居利希并不否认练习的重要性。神童们在童年时期往往更早专注于单一领域，进步神速。但真正 成长为世界级人才者，通常走的是另一条路：早期花了更多时间探索不同领域，他们在人生更晚些的阶 段 ...

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of exchanging low-value time for high-value time, suggesting that individuals should leverage their time to gain insights and opportunities from more experienced individuals [3][4][7] - High-value individuals are often willing to pay for assistance with low-value tasks to avoid wasting their time, which can lead to mutually beneficial outcomes [6][7] - Understanding the loss aversion psychology of high-value individuals can create opportunities for value exchange, allowing one to provide solutions that alleviate their perceived losses [7][8] Group 2 - The article critiques the "10,000-hour rule," arguing that simply putting in hours without understanding the purpose can lead to wasted effort, especially in the face of technological advancements [10][11][12] - It highlights the importance of strategic thinking over mere hard work, advocating for a focus on optimizing processes and avoiding unnecessary labor [14][15] - The narrative illustrates how individuals can enhance their value by using their time for deep thinking rather than just increasing their workload [13][15] Group 3 - The concept of "extension potential" is introduced, suggesting that seemingly small tasks can lead to significant insights and opportunities if approached thoughtfully [16][17] - The experience of a successful entrepreneur illustrates how customer service roles can provide valuable insights into user needs, which can be leveraged for product development [19][20] - The article encourages individuals to revisit past experiences and tasks to extract new learnings and insights, rather than constantly seeking new challenges [23][24]