作 者丨郑玮 编 辑丨周上祺 "我们今年对美出口的存量订单还有1 0 0万美元左右，9 0天缓冲期一来， 都在抢时间出货 。" 5 月1 9日中午，丽日建筑科技（广东）有限公司（简称：丽日建筑科技）广州分公司销售经理 邱文告诉南方财经全媒体记者，"但我们在赶，其他外贸企业也在赶，大家都在抢订集装箱和 舱位， 关税税率低了，航运运费涨了很多 。" 广州衡安国际货运代理有限公司相关负责人告诉南方财经全媒体记者， 目前其了解到的对美 航线运费已上涨超过1 0 0 0美元/集装箱（4 0英尺），"未来肯定还会继续涨，现在每天舱位已 经很紧张了，今天下单预计可以订到一周以后的。" 海运价格持续走高也带动港口航运股迎来火爆行情。 5月1 9日，港口航运板块掀涨停潮，其中 宁波海运、南京港、连云港开盘涨停，均斩获5连板，截至收盘，珠海港、宁波港、厦门港务 等多股也跟随涨停。 如果把观察时间维度进一步拉长，观察全国主要港口2 0 2 4年以来新增航线布局可以发现，各 大港口正以"一带一路"共建国家为核心，重点拓展东南亚、非洲等地航线。"为了更好地应对 北美等传统市场的突发波动影响，我们正在重点开发东南亚、拉丁美洲等地市场，预 ...

Core Insights - Chinese steel giants are investing heavily in Kazakhstan's iron ore sector, with significant projects like a $2 billion plant by New Ming Casting and a million-ton steel project by Shougang Group, despite the presence of 9 billion tons of iron ore in Xinjiang [1][3] Group 1: Iron Ore Quality and Costs - Xinjiang's iron ore is abundant but of lower quality, with only 132 million tons of rich ore and an average iron content of 40%-50%, compared to Kazakhstan's 65% [3][5] - The smelting cost in Xinjiang is 23% higher than in Kazakhstan, costing an additional 300 yuan per ton, which significantly impacts profitability [3][5] - Transportation costs in Xinjiang account for 30% of total costs, making it less competitive compared to Kazakhstan, where mining operations are more centralized and efficient [3][5] Group 2: Kazakhstan's Mining Advantages - Kazakhstan has proven reserves of 9.1 billion tons and potential reserves of 17 billion tons, with major deposits in Kostanay region that are highly attractive to global steel manufacturers [5][8] - Mining efficiency in Kazakhstan is 40% higher due to advanced Chinese smart mining systems, which also contribute to lower environmental impact [5][10] - Chinese companies are establishing integrated operations in Kazakhstan, such as Shougang's 3 million-ton short-process steel plant located directly at the mining site, reducing transportation costs [5][8] Group 3: Strategic Diversification - The dual strategy of maintaining Xinjiang's iron ore as a strategic reserve while capitalizing on Kazakhstan's rich resources allows for better negotiation power in the global iron ore market [8][11] - The collaboration between China and Kazakhstan enhances the Belt and Road Initiative, creating a direct railway link from Kazakhstan's iron ore to Lianyungang, thus strengthening trade routes [8][11] - Technological advancements from Kazakhstan, such as hydrogen-based steelmaking, are being utilized to upgrade Xinjiang's mining operations, transforming lower-quality ores into valuable resources [8][11] Group 4: Environmental Considerations - Environmental regulations in Xinjiang are stringent, and large-scale mining could lead to significant ecological damage, whereas Kazakhstan's vast, sparsely populated areas present lower environmental risks [10][11] - Chinese investments in Kazakhstan include water recycling systems that also address desertification, showcasing a dual benefit of mining and environmental management [10]