Core Viewpoint - Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of various solid tumors, but resistance remains a significant challenge, particularly in advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer, where response rates to single-agent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are only 5%-15% [2][3] Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in Nature by a team from MD Anderson Cancer Center found that patients with PPP2R1A gene mutations had significantly improved survival after receiving combined anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy compared to those with wild-type PPP2R1A [3][6] - The presence of PPP2R1A mutations enhances tumor response to immunotherapy, and this finding was validated across various cancer types in clinical cohorts [3][9] - In recurrent ovarian cancer, dual targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 showed a response rate of 31.4% compared to 12.2% for single-agent PD-1 therapy, indicating a potential benefit for patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) [5][6] Group 2: Clinical Implications - The study suggests that targeting PPP2R1A could represent an effective strategy to improve outcomes for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy [9] - Enhanced immune cell infiltration and signaling pathways were observed in tumors with PPP2R1A mutations, indicating a more favorable immune environment for treatment [8] - The research team is conducting prospective trials to explore the efficacy of dual immune checkpoint blockade in OCCC patients, particularly those with platinum-resistant disease [5][6]