Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's advancements in scientific research and technology innovation, particularly focusing on the macro-scale exploration of the universe, highlighting significant achievements by 2025 in various scientific projects and infrastructure. Group 1: Major Scientific Infrastructure Developments - The Zhiwu Project Phase II was accepted by the state in March 2025, featuring 31 stations and nearly 300 devices, enhancing China's space weather forecasting capabilities [2] - The Ali Gravitational Wave Detection Experiment, located at an altitude of 5250 meters, achieved its first light observation in July 2025, capturing clear images of radiation from the Moon and Jupiter at the 150GHz frequency [5] Group 2: Astronomical Discoveries - By October 2025, the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST) had released 28.07 million spectral data and 11.59 million stellar parameters, maintaining the world's largest data volume [6] - The FAST telescope discovered over 1170 pulsars by the end of 2025, surpassing the total number found by other telescopes during the same period, significantly enhancing China's research capabilities in cosmic navigation and gravitational wave detection [8] Group 3: Lunar and Deep Space Exploration - The China National Astronomical Observatory's Moon and Deep Space Exploration Scientific Application Center is involved in ongoing research, including the analysis of lunar samples from the Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions [9][12] - The Chang'e 6 mission returned a 9-gram lunar sample from the Moon's far side, marking the largest basalt sample collected from that region [14] - Research on the Chang'e 6 samples revealed insights into lunar volcanic activity, ancient magnetic fields, and water content in the lunar mantle, providing a clearer understanding of the Moon's evolution [16] Group 4: Future Exploration Plans - The Chang'e 7 mission is planned for 2026, aiming to explore the Moon's south pole, with a new 50-meter antenna under construction to support data reception for this mission [20] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" includes ambitious extraterrestrial exploration initiatives, focusing on cosmic origins, space weather, and life origins, with projects like the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kuafu II" set to achieve breakthroughs in various fields [23]

Core Findings - The latest research from astrophysicists at Bielefeld University indicates that the solar system's movement speed is over three times higher than current model predictions [1][2] - This finding challenges the existing cosmological standard model and suggests a need to reassess fundamental assumptions about the large-scale structure of the universe [2] Research Methodology - The research team analyzed the distribution characteristics of radio galaxies, which emit strong radio waves and can penetrate interstellar dust and gas [1] - High-sensitivity measurements were employed to identify subtle differences in the observed number of radio galaxies due to a "headwind effect" caused by the solar system's movement [1] Statistical Significance - The study found that the anisotropy strength of radio galaxy distribution is 3.7 times higher than predicted by the cosmological standard model [1] - The significance level of the research results exceeds 5 sigma, providing strong scientific evidence [1] Implications - If the solar system is indeed moving at such a high speed, it may necessitate a reevaluation of the uniformity of radio galaxy distribution [2] - The findings corroborate earlier observations of quasars, further revealing the true characteristics of the universe [2] - This research highlights the potential of new observational methods to fundamentally refresh our understanding of the universe [2]

Core Insights - The LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) has made a significant discovery regarding microquasars, which are powerful particle accelerators formed by the interaction of black holes and companion stars, capable of accelerating cosmic rays to energies above the "knee" threshold, providing crucial observational evidence for the role of black holes in the origin of cosmic rays [1] Group 1: Cosmic Rays - Cosmic rays are charged particles from outer space, primarily composed of various atomic nuclei, and are considered messengers of cosmic events. The origin of high-energy cosmic rays remains a mystery [5] - There is a critical turning point in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays, around 30 trillion electron volts, where the number of cosmic rays sharply decreases, referred to as the "knee" [5] Group 2: Research Findings - The LHAASO has identified signals of ultra-high-energy gamma rays from five microquasars, indicating that these systems can accelerate particles to energies in the "knee" region of the cosmic ray spectrum [7] - This discovery suggests that microquasars serve as new sources of high-energy cosmic rays, surpassing the acceleration limits of supernova remnants [7] - The findings link the "knee" structure of cosmic rays to specific celestial bodies, namely black hole jet systems, thus opening new avenues for understanding extreme physical processes in the universe [7] Group 3: Scientific Impact - The LHAASO continues to contribute to scientific endeavors, expanding the boundaries of human knowledge and delivering globally impactful breakthroughs [8]

Core Insights - The AIMS telescope, the world's first mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation system, has successfully passed its project acceptance, marking a significant breakthrough in solar magnetic field measurement [1][2] Group 1: Technological Breakthroughs - AIMS telescope directly measures the solar magnetic field using mid-infrared wavelengths, overcoming a century-old limitation of indirect measurement through visible light [1] - The precision of magnetic field measurement has been improved to better than 10 Gauss level by utilizing a 12.3-micron mid-infrared observation [1] - All components of the AIMS telescope, including the infrared spectrometer and vacuum cooling system, are domestically produced, showcasing China's innovation capabilities in astronomical instruments [1] Group 2: Engineering Challenges - The construction of the telescope at an altitude of 4000 meters posed significant logistical challenges, including transportation of materials by helicopter and living conditions for researchers [3] - The team faced technical difficulties, such as optical quality degradation due to low temperatures, which required extensive troubleshooting and modifications [3] - After overcoming electromagnetic interference issues, the team successfully received the solar spectrum for the first time on July 15, 2023, marking a milestone in mid-infrared solar observation [3] Group 3: Future Applications - The AIMS telescope is expected to enhance the understanding of solar flares and improve the prediction capabilities for space weather, providing critical data for satellite operations and power grid management [5] - The project fills a gap in international mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation, contributing to the broader field of solar research [5] - The advancements in observation technology signify a shift from exploring cosmic mysteries to serving societal needs, reflecting the progress of China's scientific endeavors [5]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of China's first self-developed 15-meter diameter submillimeter wave telescope (XSMT) has officially commenced in Delingha, Qinghai Province, aiming for completion by 2027, which will position China at the forefront of submillimeter astronomy with an internationally advanced telescope [1] Group 1: Project Overview - The XSMT is led by the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and features a high-precision antenna panel capable of supporting high-frequency submillimeter wave observations [1] - The telescope is equipped with advanced scientific instruments, including a large-field multi-color camera, a three-band superheterodyne receiver, and a 460GHz multi-beam receiver, enabling wideband, wide-field, and high-sensitivity observations [1] Group 2: Scientific Significance - The submillimeter wave range, defined as electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 0.1 to 1 millimeter, reveals phenomena not visible in the optical and near-infrared spectrum, such as the movement of interstellar dust, distribution of molecular gas, and the birth and growth of stars [1] - The development of this telescope addresses a significant gap in China's astronomical capabilities, particularly in the submillimeter wave domain [1]

Core Insights - The research conducted by the team from Sun Yat-sen University reveals that since 2009, dozens of new landslides have formed on the Moon, primarily triggered by internal seismic activity rather than asteroid impacts [1][2] - The study utilized high-resolution satellite imagery to identify and analyze these landslides, providing insights into the Moon's geological activity [1] Group 1: Research Findings - The team identified 74 observation areas on both the near and far sides of the Moon, focusing on steep crater walls, fault-formed ridges, and irregular lunar mare patches that may indicate recent volcanic activity [1] - Most of the newly formed landslides are small, with lengths under 1 kilometer and widths less than 100 meters, and the largest volume of material displaced is less than 100,000 cubic meters [1] Group 2: Causes of Landslides - Analysis of the geological conditions revealed that less than 30% of the new landslides were triggered by impacts, with many starting points lacking exposed rock [2] - The primary cause of these landslides is inferred to be internal lunar seismic activity, indicating ongoing energy processes within the Moon [2] Group 3: Implications for Future Research - The distribution of lunar landslides can serve as a guide to identify active seismic zones beneath the Moon's surface, aiding in the future deployment of lunar seismometers and studies of the Moon's internal structure [2]

Core Insights - The research conducted by a team from Sun Yat-sen University reveals that since 2009, dozens of new landslides have formed on the Moon, primarily triggered by internal seismic activity rather than asteroid impacts [1][2] - The findings were published in the journal "National Science Review" and indicate that the Moon still has internal energy activity [2] Group 1: Research Methodology - The team utilized satellite imagery with a resolution of less than 1 meter per pixel to compare pre- and post-event images, identifying new landslide locations and characteristics [1] - A total of 74 observation areas were selected, including steep crater walls and regions with potential recent volcanic activity, to assess landslide activity [1] Group 2: Characteristics of Lunar Landslides - The newly identified landslides on the Moon are described as "small" and "superficial," with most being less than 1 kilometer in length and under 100 meters in width [2] - The volume of material displaced by each landslide is less than 100,000 cubic meters, primarily occurring on slopes with inclinations between 24° and 42° [2] Group 3: Causes of Landslides - The research indicates that while many new impact craters have formed, less than 30% of the new landslides are triggered by these impacts, suggesting that internal seismic activity is the main cause [2] - The study implies that the distribution of lunar landslides can serve as a guide to locate active seismic zones beneath the Moon's surface [2]

Core Insights - China's research team has successfully constructed the world's first lunar orbital VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) system, which has detected interference patterns of celestial radio emissions and spacecraft signals [1][4] - The system, known as LOVEX (Lunar Orbital VLBI Experiment), is part of China's Chang'e 7 lunar exploration program and utilizes the QiaoQiao II relay satellite platform [1][2] - LOVEX features a long baseline of approximately 380,000 kilometers and offers high spatial resolution for deep space observations and precise spacecraft tracking [4] System Details - The VLBI payload equipment was developed by the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in collaboration with various domestic aerospace electronic technology units, including components like X-band low-temperature receivers and passive hydrogen atomic clocks [2][4] - The QiaoQiao II relay satellite was launched on March 20, 2024, and is currently in a stable orbit at a near-moon point of 300 kilometers and a far-moon point of 160,000 kilometers [2] Innovations and Capabilities - LOVEX is the first space VLBI system independently completed by a single country and is the fourth operational space VLBI project globally [4] - It boasts the longest interference baseline of about 380,000 kilometers, the widest observation bandwidth of 512 MHz, and the highest data rate of 2 Gbps among all space VLBI systems [4] - The system has achieved the first VLBI measurement test of deep space probes in the space-earth baseline and has successfully stored raw VLBI data onboard in a space mission environment [4] Future Contributions - As data collection and scientific analysis progress, LOVEX is expected to provide deeper insights into the astronomical environment and contribute significantly to future deep space exploration capabilities [6]

Core Points - The China Academy of Sciences' Purple Mountain Observatory launched two significant telescope projects aimed at enhancing the precision measurement of celestial bodies within the solar system [1][2] - The 4.2-meter ground-based dedicated celestial measurement telescope is the largest of its kind in China and is expected to be completed by 2027, focusing on high-precision measurements of faint celestial bodies [1] - The 2.5-meter multi-terminal general telescope is designed for various observational needs and is projected to be completed by 2026, serving national strategic requirements such as space safety and asset protection [2] Group 1 - The 4.2-meter telescope features large aperture, low distortion imaging, high precision positioning, and deep detection limits, supporting the autonomous construction and long-term maintenance of China's solar system celestial catalog [1] - The 2.5-meter telescope will conduct multi-band and multi-type precision measurements of both natural and artificial celestial bodies, complementing the efforts of the 4.2-meter telescope [2] - Both telescopes will work in tandem to provide comprehensive mapping of various moving celestial bodies within the solar system, with the 4.2-meter telescope focusing on distant and faint objects while the 2.5-meter telescope targets closer and faster-moving entities [2]

Core Findings - Chinese scientists discovered a rare millisecond pulsar PSR J1928+1815 in the Milky Way using the "China Sky Eye," which is obscured by its companion star for one-sixth of its time, and the companion star's mass is significantly higher than typical companion stars of eclipsing pulsars [1][2][3] Group 1: Scientific Significance - The discovery of PSR J1928+1815 is crucial for studying stellar evolution, compact star accretion, and gravitational wave sources from binary star mergers [1][3] - The unique characteristics of this pulsar and its companion star provide valuable observational data for understanding the common envelope evolution of binary star systems [2][3] Group 2: Characteristics of the Pulsar and Companion Star - PSR J1928+1815 has a rotation period of 10.55 milliseconds and orbits its companion star with a period of 3.6 hours, with the companion star having a mass of at least one solar mass [2] - The companion star is inferred to be a high-temperature helium star, and the pulsar's signal obscuration is caused by the stellar wind material ejected from the helium star [3]