Core Findings - The latest research from astrophysicists at Bielefeld University indicates that the solar system's movement speed is over three times higher than current model predictions [1][2] - This finding challenges the existing cosmological standard model and suggests a need to reassess fundamental assumptions about the large-scale structure of the universe [2] Research Methodology - The research team analyzed the distribution characteristics of radio galaxies, which emit strong radio waves and can penetrate interstellar dust and gas [1] - High-sensitivity measurements were employed to identify subtle differences in the observed number of radio galaxies due to a "headwind effect" caused by the solar system's movement [1] Statistical Significance - The study found that the anisotropy strength of radio galaxy distribution is 3.7 times higher than predicted by the cosmological standard model [1] - The significance level of the research results exceeds 5 sigma, providing strong scientific evidence [1] Implications - If the solar system is indeed moving at such a high speed, it may necessitate a reevaluation of the uniformity of radio galaxy distribution [2] - The findings corroborate earlier observations of quasars, further revealing the true characteristics of the universe [2] - This research highlights the potential of new observational methods to fundamentally refresh our understanding of the universe [2]

Core Insights - The LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) has made a significant discovery regarding microquasars, which are powerful particle accelerators formed by the interaction of black holes and companion stars, capable of accelerating cosmic rays to energies above the "knee" threshold, providing crucial observational evidence for the role of black holes in the origin of cosmic rays [1] Group 1: Cosmic Rays - Cosmic rays are charged particles from outer space, primarily composed of various atomic nuclei, and are considered messengers of cosmic events. The origin of high-energy cosmic rays remains a mystery [5] - There is a critical turning point in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays, around 30 trillion electron volts, where the number of cosmic rays sharply decreases, referred to as the "knee" [5] Group 2: Research Findings - The LHAASO has identified signals of ultra-high-energy gamma rays from five microquasars, indicating that these systems can accelerate particles to energies in the "knee" region of the cosmic ray spectrum [7] - This discovery suggests that microquasars serve as new sources of high-energy cosmic rays, surpassing the acceleration limits of supernova remnants [7] - The findings link the "knee" structure of cosmic rays to specific celestial bodies, namely black hole jet systems, thus opening new avenues for understanding extreme physical processes in the universe [7] Group 3: Scientific Impact - The LHAASO continues to contribute to scientific endeavors, expanding the boundaries of human knowledge and delivering globally impactful breakthroughs [8]

Core Insights - The AIMS telescope, the world's first mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation system, has successfully passed its project acceptance, marking a significant breakthrough in solar magnetic field measurement [1][2] Group 1: Technological Breakthroughs - AIMS telescope directly measures the solar magnetic field using mid-infrared wavelengths, overcoming a century-old limitation of indirect measurement through visible light [1] - The precision of magnetic field measurement has been improved to better than 10 Gauss level by utilizing a 12.3-micron mid-infrared observation [1] - All components of the AIMS telescope, including the infrared spectrometer and vacuum cooling system, are domestically produced, showcasing China's innovation capabilities in astronomical instruments [1] Group 2: Engineering Challenges - The construction of the telescope at an altitude of 4000 meters posed significant logistical challenges, including transportation of materials by helicopter and living conditions for researchers [3] - The team faced technical difficulties, such as optical quality degradation due to low temperatures, which required extensive troubleshooting and modifications [3] - After overcoming electromagnetic interference issues, the team successfully received the solar spectrum for the first time on July 15, 2023, marking a milestone in mid-infrared solar observation [3] Group 3: Future Applications - The AIMS telescope is expected to enhance the understanding of solar flares and improve the prediction capabilities for space weather, providing critical data for satellite operations and power grid management [5] - The project fills a gap in international mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation, contributing to the broader field of solar research [5] - The advancements in observation technology signify a shift from exploring cosmic mysteries to serving societal needs, reflecting the progress of China's scientific endeavors [5]

该项目计划2027年建成，建成后将是中国首台全自主研制、具有国际先进水平的亚毫米波天文望远 镜。 中国科学院紫金山天文台研究员、研究部主任李婧表示，"我们通常会把波长范围在0.1至1毫米之 间的电磁波定义为亚毫米波，在这个波长范围之内，它隐藏着可见光和近红外所看不到的一些秘密，比 如星际尘埃的舞动，分子气体的分布，以及恒星的诞生和成长，那这个频段现在还是我们国家天文学发 展的短板。"(记者 孙睿) 9月20日，中国首台自主研发的15米口径亚毫米波望远镜(简称XSMT)在青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治 州德令哈市雪山牧场正式启动建设。 该望远镜由中国科学院紫金山天文台牵头建设，其15米口径的高精度天线面板，可支持高频段亚毫 米波观测，配备有大视场多色相机、三波段超外差接收机、460GHz多波束接收机等先进的科学仪器， 支持宽频段、广视场和高灵敏度的观测。 ...

Core Insights - The research conducted by the team from Sun Yat-sen University reveals that since 2009, dozens of new landslides have formed on the Moon, primarily triggered by internal seismic activity rather than asteroid impacts [1][2] - The study utilized high-resolution satellite imagery to identify and analyze these landslides, providing insights into the Moon's geological activity [1] Group 1: Research Findings - The team identified 74 observation areas on both the near and far sides of the Moon, focusing on steep crater walls, fault-formed ridges, and irregular lunar mare patches that may indicate recent volcanic activity [1] - Most of the newly formed landslides are small, with lengths under 1 kilometer and widths less than 100 meters, and the largest volume of material displaced is less than 100,000 cubic meters [1] Group 2: Causes of Landslides - Analysis of the geological conditions revealed that less than 30% of the new landslides were triggered by impacts, with many starting points lacking exposed rock [2] - The primary cause of these landslides is inferred to be internal lunar seismic activity, indicating ongoing energy processes within the Moon [2] Group 3: Implications for Future Research - The distribution of lunar landslides can serve as a guide to identify active seismic zones beneath the Moon's surface, aiding in the future deployment of lunar seismometers and studies of the Moon's internal structure [2]

科技日报广州9月15日电 （记者龙跃梅 通讯员李建平）记者15日从中山大学获悉，该校大气科学学 院肖智勇团队联合遥感科学与技术学院教授张吴明通过卫星图像分析发现，2009年以来月球上新增了数 十处滑坡，而这些滑坡的主要"推手"，不是小行星撞击，而是月球内部产生的地震，也就是科学家所称 的"内生月震"。相关成果近日发表于《国家科学评论》。 那么，是什么触发了月球滑坡？研究团队分析了这些新滑坡的地质情况，发现大量新形成的撞击 坑，最大的直径超过70米。但是，不到30%的新滑坡可能是由撞击触发，且滑坡开始的位置普遍缺乏暴 露的岩石。因此，科学家推断，这些滑坡主要是由内生月震引发的震动导致的，证实月球内部仍有能量 活动。 此前，人类很难直接探测月球内部的地震带。这项研究表明，"月球滑坡的分布"可以像指南针一 样，帮助我们间接找到月球地下的活跃地震区。 研究团队挑选了月球正面和背面容易发生滑坡的74个观测区域，包括年轻撞击坑的陡峭坑壁、断层 活动形成的皱脊，以及可能存在近期火山活动的不规则月海斑块，通过精准对齐前序和后序图像数据， 再计算反照率变化，找到了滑坡发生的地点和形态。据介绍，对这些观测区域内新滑坡的研究，可反 ...

Core Insights - China's research team has successfully constructed the world's first lunar orbital VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) system, which has detected interference patterns of celestial radio emissions and spacecraft signals [1][4] - The system, known as LOVEX (Lunar Orbital VLBI Experiment), is part of China's Chang'e 7 lunar exploration program and utilizes the QiaoQiao II relay satellite platform [1][2] - LOVEX features a long baseline of approximately 380,000 kilometers and offers high spatial resolution for deep space observations and precise spacecraft tracking [4] System Details - The VLBI payload equipment was developed by the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in collaboration with various domestic aerospace electronic technology units, including components like X-band low-temperature receivers and passive hydrogen atomic clocks [2][4] - The QiaoQiao II relay satellite was launched on March 20, 2024, and is currently in a stable orbit at a near-moon point of 300 kilometers and a far-moon point of 160,000 kilometers [2] Innovations and Capabilities - LOVEX is the first space VLBI system independently completed by a single country and is the fourth operational space VLBI project globally [4] - It boasts the longest interference baseline of about 380,000 kilometers, the widest observation bandwidth of 512 MHz, and the highest data rate of 2 Gbps among all space VLBI systems [4] - The system has achieved the first VLBI measurement test of deep space probes in the space-earth baseline and has successfully stored raw VLBI data onboard in a space mission environment [4] Future Contributions - As data collection and scientific analysis progress, LOVEX is expected to provide deeper insights into the astronomical environment and contribute significantly to future deep space exploration capabilities [6]

Core Points - The China Academy of Sciences' Purple Mountain Observatory launched two significant telescope projects aimed at enhancing the precision measurement of celestial bodies within the solar system [1][2] - The 4.2-meter ground-based dedicated celestial measurement telescope is the largest of its kind in China and is expected to be completed by 2027, focusing on high-precision measurements of faint celestial bodies [1] - The 2.5-meter multi-terminal general telescope is designed for various observational needs and is projected to be completed by 2026, serving national strategic requirements such as space safety and asset protection [2] Group 1 - The 4.2-meter telescope features large aperture, low distortion imaging, high precision positioning, and deep detection limits, supporting the autonomous construction and long-term maintenance of China's solar system celestial catalog [1] - The 2.5-meter telescope will conduct multi-band and multi-type precision measurements of both natural and artificial celestial bodies, complementing the efforts of the 4.2-meter telescope [2] - Both telescopes will work in tandem to provide comprehensive mapping of various moving celestial bodies within the solar system, with the 4.2-meter telescope focusing on distant and faint objects while the 2.5-meter telescope targets closer and faster-moving entities [2]

Core Findings - Chinese scientists discovered a rare millisecond pulsar PSR J1928+1815 in the Milky Way using the "China Sky Eye," which is obscured by its companion star for one-sixth of its time, and the companion star's mass is significantly higher than typical companion stars of eclipsing pulsars [1][2][3] Group 1: Scientific Significance - The discovery of PSR J1928+1815 is crucial for studying stellar evolution, compact star accretion, and gravitational wave sources from binary star mergers [1][3] - The unique characteristics of this pulsar and its companion star provide valuable observational data for understanding the common envelope evolution of binary star systems [2][3] Group 2: Characteristics of the Pulsar and Companion Star - PSR J1928+1815 has a rotation period of 10.55 milliseconds and orbits its companion star with a period of 3.6 hours, with the companion star having a mass of at least one solar mass [2] - The companion star is inferred to be a high-temperature helium star, and the pulsar's signal obscuration is caused by the stellar wind material ejected from the helium star [3]

Core Insights - The "Wukong" satellite has achieved the first precise measurement of the secondary cosmic ray boron spectrum in the TeV/n energy range, providing new observational evidence for revising cosmic ray propagation models [1][2] - The satellite's findings indicate a significant hardening structure in the boron spectrum around 200 GeV/n, suggesting that cosmic ray propagation may be slower than previously anticipated [2] Group 1: Scientific Achievements - The "Wukong" satellite, launched by China, is the first astronomical satellite dedicated to observing high-energy particles in space, with core scientific goals including dark matter particle detection and cosmic ray research [1] - The international collaboration group utilized eight years of observational data to achieve precise measurements of the boron element spectrum from 10 GeV/n to 8 TeV/n, surpassing previous space detection experiments in both measurement precision and energy limits [2] Group 2: Implications for Cosmic Ray Research - The observed hardening of the boron spectrum indicates that the particle flux at higher energies significantly exceeds classical model predictions, with the spectrum index increase being approximately twice that of primary cosmic ray protons and helium nuclei [2] - These findings are crucial for understanding the acceleration and propagation mechanisms of cosmic rays, as they provide insights into the diffusion process of cosmic rays in the universe [2]