2000年前后，在中国许多科技园区、政策文件中，一个名字频频出现——班加罗尔。 这座位于印度南部，几乎与北京纬度相近的城市，被誉为印度的硅谷。微软、IBM、德勤的外包中心在那里星罗棋布，数以十万计的印度程序员为全球企 业敲代码、测试系统、做客户支持。 班加罗尔成了一个符号：不靠资源、不靠资本、只靠外包，也能崛起。 在中国，"学习班加罗尔"的口号一度被科技官员和企业家反复提起。 为什么班加罗尔的光环不再被追捧？中国IT业又走上了一条怎样的道路？ 01 曾经的班加罗尔学习热 1990年代的班加罗尔，是全球外包经济的样本。Infosys、Wipro、TCS等巨头崛起，承包着欧美大公司的软件定制项目。 而那时的中国，刚刚加入WTO，处于信息化的前夜，一切都在与世界接轨的热潮中。 在这样的语境里，一股"学习班加罗尔"的热潮迅速蔓延。 2000年，国务院颁布了纲领性的《鼓励软件产业和集成电路产业发展的若干政策》（俗称"18号文件"），明确将鼓励软件出口和承接国际项目上升为国家 战略。 多份地方政府规划甚至明确写道"要打造中国的班加罗尔"。 但二十多年过去，班加罗尔依旧是印度IT产业的心脏，中国却几乎不再提"学习班加罗尔" ...

Core Insights - The Indian IT outsourcing industry, once a global leader, is facing unprecedented challenges, highlighted by significant layoffs from major companies like TCS, Infosys, and Wipro, which have collectively affected thousands of employees [1][5][11] - The industry's peak was marked by a strong correlation between U.S. GDP growth and Indian IT export growth, but this relationship is now under threat due to various factors including economic slowdowns and increased competition from other regions [3][5][6] Industry Overview - The Indian IT outsourcing sector, valued at $283 billion, was built on the foundation of cost-effective labor and a strong educational system, making it a preferred destination for U.S. companies [1][3] - At its height, India accounted for over 65% of the global software outsourcing market, with major firms like TCS, Infosys, and Wipro dominating the landscape [5][6] Recent Developments - TCS announced a massive layoff of 12,000 employees, marking the largest workforce reduction in its history, while other firms are also scaling back hiring, with annual recruitment dropping from 600,000 to approximately 150,000 [5][6][11] - The layoffs primarily affect mid-level managers and senior technical experts who have not adapted to emerging technologies like AI and cloud computing [6][10] Challenges Facing the Industry - The industry is grappling with over-reliance on the U.S. market, which is now cautious in its IT spending due to economic uncertainties and competitive pressures from regions like the Philippines and Latin America [6][10] - The advent of generative AI technologies is disrupting the traditional labor arbitrage model, allowing tasks that once required multiple programmers to be completed by a single developer proficient in AI [8][10] Future Outlook - The demand for AI professionals is expected to grow, with a projected need for 1 million AI specialists in India by 2026, yet currently, less than 20% of IT professionals possess these skills [10][11] - Companies like Infosys are successfully pivoting towards AI solutions, delivering over 400 generative AI projects with a 75% growth rate, while TCS struggles to translate its training efforts into tangible business outcomes [11][14]