Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the Anti-Japanese War was not only a military struggle but also a spiritual one, with literature serving as a vital link between China and the world during this dark period, conveying the dual power of "resistance" and "writing" [1]. Group 1: Cultural Exchange and Literature - During the Anti-Japanese War, the "Liberation Daily" launched its first "Literary" supplement, publishing 222 translated works, predominantly from renowned Soviet authors like Gorky and Tolstoy, which inspired Chinese soldiers and civilians [2]. - The literary works acted as messengers, conveying themes of human resilience and heroism amidst the chaos of war, thus fostering a sense of shared values of freedom, justice, sacrifice, and dedication [4][6]. - Chinese writers contributed significantly to the global anti-fascist literary movement, with their works resonating across cultures and regions, creating a lasting impact on world literature [10][11]. Group 2: The Role of Translation - Translators played a crucial role in bridging cultural gaps, using their skills to connect China with the world through literature during the war [6]. - The act of translation by writers was seen as a form of cultural resistance, showcasing that China was not isolated but actively absorbing and engaging with global cultural narratives [8]. - The literary exchange between China and the world during the Anti-Japanese War created a powerful literary bond that transcended national boundaries, leaving a profound echo in the hearts of global readers [11][14].

Group 1 - The article discusses the contrasting themes of humiliation in male characters within modern Chinese literature compared to popular female-oriented web novels, highlighting a cultural narrative that emphasizes male suffering and loss [2][4][10] - It notes that modern Chinese literature often reflects a collective national consciousness of humiliation, suggesting that the memory of suffering is more profound than that of victory, shaped by historical experiences over the past century [2][10][12] - The article also contrasts this with the principles of popular web novels, where male protagonists are expected to achieve their desires without facing the same level of emotional turmoil [1][13] Group 2 - The article provides examples of literary works that depict male characters experiencing humiliation, such as Shen Congwen's "Husband" and the stories of other authors like You Shizhong and Luo Shi, which focus on the emotional struggles of men witnessing their partners in compromising situations [4][6][8] - It highlights the shared theme across various literary works, where male characters endure the pain of seeing their loved ones involved with others, reflecting deeper societal issues and personal conflicts [6][9][10] - The discussion extends to Taiwanese literature, illustrating similar themes of male humiliation in works by authors like Wang Zhenhe and Huang Chunming, emphasizing the cultural and emotional implications of these narratives [8][9]