Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the contributions of Chinese scientists during the Anti-Japanese War, highlighting their innovative spirit and dedication to national survival and revival through scientific endeavors [1][2][28]. Group 1: Contributions of Scientists - Chinese scientists mobilized to support the nation during the war, utilizing their knowledge to address urgent needs in military and civilian sectors [2][22]. - Notable achievements include the development of a new wireless radio transmitter by Yan Jici, which significantly improved wartime telecommunications [5][6]. - The invention of the Hou's alkali-making method by chemist Hou Debang reduced production costs by 40% and increased salt utilization to 96%, contributing to industrial development [7]. Group 2: Educational and Institutional Resilience - The migration of Zhejiang University during the war exemplified the commitment to education, with faculty and students continuing their studies under dire conditions [15][17]. - The establishment of the Yan'an Natural Science Institute marked a significant effort to maintain scientific education and research during the war [18][19]. Group 3: Agricultural and Medical Innovations - Agricultural scientists like Shen Liying made significant contributions to wheat breeding, promoting the cultivation of high-yield varieties [24]. - Medical researchers developed vaccines and nutritional solutions to combat health crises during the war, addressing the high mortality rates among soldiers and civilians [26][27]. Group 4: Legacy and Impact - The scientific advancements made during the war laid the groundwork for post-war technological development in China, influencing various industries [31][32]. - The spirit of innovation and dedication displayed by scientists during the war continues to inspire contemporary scientific endeavors in China [34][36].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the increasing prevalence of bacterial diarrhea during the summer months and provides insights on prevention and treatment methods to avoid health issues related to foodborne illnesses [1]. Group 1: Definition and Transmission - Bacterial diarrhea is a common intestinal infectious disease caused by bacteria, primarily characterized by diarrhea, and may also include symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever [2]. - It spreads mainly through the consumption of contaminated food and water, and can also be transmitted through close contact with infected animals [3]. Group 2: Risk Factors - Certain behaviors increase the risk of bacterial diarrhea, including consuming raw seafood, cross-contamination of cutting boards, reheating leftover food inadequately, and neglecting hand hygiene [4]. - Vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk and may experience more severe symptoms [4]. Group 3: Prevention Methods - Food safety measures include cooking food thoroughly, especially seafood and meat, to an internal temperature of over 70°C, and ensuring separation of raw and cooked foods [7]. - Avoid drinking untreated natural water sources, such as spring or river water [8]. - Personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, especially before and after handling food and using the restroom, are crucial [9]. - Environmental management involves timely cleaning and disinfecting of vomit and feces to prevent contamination [10]. - Vaccination options are limited but include the rBS/WC cholera vaccine and typhoid vaccine, which are recommended for specific populations [11]. Group 4: When to Seek Medical Attention - Individuals should seek medical help if they experience severe or prolonged diarrhea, signs of dehydration, persistent high fever, blood or mucus in stool, severe abdominal pain, or other serious symptoms [13][14][15][16][17]. Group 5: Treatment Measures - Rehydration therapy is essential, with options including low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts or homemade rice soup with salt [17]. - Antibiotic treatment should be approached cautiously, as inappropriate use can complicate the condition; medical consultation is advised before taking any medication [18]. - Additional treatments may include mucosal protectants and probiotics, with zinc supplementation recommended for malnourished children in high-risk areas [19].