Core Viewpoint - Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising new radiation therapy that aims to effectively kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells, representing a significant advancement over traditional radiation methods [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Overview - BNCT is a binary targeted therapy that involves two main steps: injecting a non-toxic boron-10 compound that accumulates in cancer cells, followed by precise neutron irradiation to induce a nuclear reaction that destroys cancer cell DNA [1][2]. - The effective range of BNCT is less than 10 micrometers, which is smaller than the diameter of a cancer cell, resulting in minimal damage to normal tissues and reduced side effects compared to conventional treatments [2]. Group 2: Historical Context and Development - The concept of BNCT was introduced in the 1930s, but practical application faced challenges due to the need for suitable boron compounds and stable neutron sources [2]. - In the 21st century, Japan advanced BNCT technology by developing accelerator neutron sources that are safer and more cost-effective than traditional nuclear reactors, enabling successful treatments for various tumors [2]. Group 3: Technological Breakthroughs - The research team has achieved three major technological breakthroughs: 1. Development of a high-power, stable accelerator neutron source system that meets the requirements for proton beam flow [3]. 2. Creation of a second-generation boron compound with improved synthesis efficiency, reduced production costs, and enhanced quality and efficacy [3]. 3. Development of a domestic BNCT treatment planning system (TPS) that accurately analyzes and predicts treatment outcomes using a proprietary Monte Carlo particle transport program [3]. - The successful integration of these components positions the country among the global leaders in BNCT technology, with plans to initiate clinical trials by the end of the year [3].