Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the successful transplantation of genetically edited pig lungs into a brain-dead human, marking a significant advancement in xenotransplantation, which aims to address the global organ shortage crisis [1][5][18]. Group 1: Background and Importance of Xenotransplantation - Approximately 2 million people worldwide require organ transplants each year, but only about 10% receive suitable organs, highlighting the critical shortage of transplantable organs [5]. - Xenotransplantation, particularly using pig organs, is considered a promising solution to the organ shortage problem [5][9]. Group 2: Research and Development - The research team led by Professor He Jianxing from Guangzhou Medical University successfully transplanted a genetically edited Bama pig's left lung into a brain-dead patient, maintaining ventilation and gas exchange for 9 days [5][18]. - Since 2021, several cases of pig-to-human organ transplants have been reported globally, involving various organs such as hearts, kidneys, and livers [7]. Group 3: Advantages of Using Pigs - Pigs are preferred over primates for organ donation due to their abundant resources, smaller size, high survival rates, and genetic stability, along with significant anatomical and physiological similarities to humans [9][10]. - The evolutionary distance between pigs and humans reduces the risk of zoonotic diseases and ethical concerns associated with using primates [9]. Group 4: Challenges in Xenotransplantation - Despite the advantages, xenotransplantation faces challenges such as cross-species rejection and the risk of infections, which have historically hindered research progress [10][18]. - Recent advancements in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, have enabled the development of genetically modified pigs that minimize immune rejection and viral infection risks [10][12]. Group 5: Clinical Trials and Future Prospects - Currently, xenotransplantation trials are primarily conducted in China and the United States, with significant milestones achieved in heart and kidney transplants [14][16]. - The recent lung transplant case represents a critical step towards clinical applications, although experts emphasize the need for cautious progression through further trials and research [18][19].