每经记者｜林姿辰 每经编辑｜张海妮 陈忠华： "异种移植研究的唯一动力是器官短缺。" "在器官捐献初级阶段，我们面临的主要挑战是建立法治框架下的器官捐献体系和倡导公民逝世后自愿无偿器官捐献。" "在不远的将来，产业化医用器官，包括异种器官和人工器官，必将成为除人体捐献器官以外的源源不断的补充性来源。我满怀信心地迎接这个新时代的到 来。" 移植猪器官后"会不会变成猪"？不可能！ 种牛痘是英国医生爱德华·琴纳于18世纪末发明的天花预防方法，通过接种牛痘病毒使人体获得对天花的免疫力。当时很多人怀疑接种了牛痘以后是不是会 变成牛。于是漫画家就非常生动形象地画出了当时人们的担忧：身上长出牛头、牛角之类的特征。 图片来源：受访者提供 猪器官在活体人体内存活时间最长的案例已诞生。 当地时间9月8日，据《自然》新闻（Nature News）报道，67岁的美国男子蒂姆·安德鲁斯（Tim Andrews）在接受基因编辑猪肾脏移植后，已存活接近8个 月。就在两周前，中国研究团队刚在国际学术期刊《自然·医学》（Nature Medicine）在线发表论文，报告了世界首例将基因编辑猪肺移植到脑死亡人体内的 成功案例。 陈忠华是论文的共 ...

Core Points - The first successful transplantation of a genetically modified pig lung into a human has been reported, marking a significant advancement in xenotransplantation [1] - The procedure involved a 39-year-old brain-dead patient, with the transplanted lung surviving for 9 days [1] - Researchers believe that this operation indicates the potential for nearly any pig organ to be transplanted into humans, aiming to save thousands of lives each year [1] Group 1: Transplant Details - The left lung was sourced from a pig that underwent six genetic modifications to reduce immune response activation risks [2] - Three genes were knocked out to lower the risk of organ rejection, while three human genes were inserted to prevent rejection [2] - The transplantation was performed at Guangzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, with results published in Nature Medicine [2] Group 2: Post-Transplant Observations - No signs of rejection, infection, or transplant failure were observed in the first three days post-surgery [2] - However, lung swelling and tissue damage due to temporary hypoxia were noted within 24 hours, with antibody attacks causing damage on days three and six [2] - By day nine, lung damage showed signs of improvement before the study was concluded at the request of the patient's family [2] Group 3: Future Directions - Experts suggest that the next step is to conduct small-scale clinical trials for xenogeneic lung transplants, particularly for patients with end-stage lung disease [2] - It is noted that organ preservation techniques could be further improved, potentially reducing damage risks through genetic modifications [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the successful transplantation of genetically edited pig lungs into a brain-dead human, marking a significant advancement in xenotransplantation, which aims to address the global organ shortage crisis [1][5][18]. Group 1: Background and Importance of Xenotransplantation - Approximately 2 million people worldwide require organ transplants each year, but only about 10% receive suitable organs, highlighting the critical shortage of transplantable organs [5]. - Xenotransplantation, particularly using pig organs, is considered a promising solution to the organ shortage problem [5][9]. Group 2: Research and Development - The research team led by Professor He Jianxing from Guangzhou Medical University successfully transplanted a genetically edited Bama pig's left lung into a brain-dead patient, maintaining ventilation and gas exchange for 9 days [5][18]. - Since 2021, several cases of pig-to-human organ transplants have been reported globally, involving various organs such as hearts, kidneys, and livers [7]. Group 3: Advantages of Using Pigs - Pigs are preferred over primates for organ donation due to their abundant resources, smaller size, high survival rates, and genetic stability, along with significant anatomical and physiological similarities to humans [9][10]. - The evolutionary distance between pigs and humans reduces the risk of zoonotic diseases and ethical concerns associated with using primates [9]. Group 4: Challenges in Xenotransplantation - Despite the advantages, xenotransplantation faces challenges such as cross-species rejection and the risk of infections, which have historically hindered research progress [10][18]. - Recent advancements in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, have enabled the development of genetically modified pigs that minimize immune rejection and viral infection risks [10][12]. Group 5: Clinical Trials and Future Prospects - Currently, xenotransplantation trials are primarily conducted in China and the United States, with significant milestones achieved in heart and kidney transplants [14][16]. - The recent lung transplant case represents a critical step towards clinical applications, although experts emphasize the need for cautious progression through further trials and research [18][19].

Core Insights - The successful transplantation of gene-edited pig lungs into a human patient marks a significant milestone in the field of xenotransplantation, addressing the critical shortage of human lung donors [1][2][3] - The research demonstrates the feasibility of using genetically modified pig organs, specifically lungs, to potentially alleviate the organ shortage crisis faced by terminally ill patients [1][9] Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The study published in *Nature Medicine* details the process of transplanting a genetically edited left lung from a Chinese Bama pig into a 39-year-old male patient who was brain dead, with the lung surviving for 9 days [3][2] - The total cold ischemia time from organ retrieval to re-infusion was 206 minutes, and the lung maintained vitality and function without signs of hyperacute rejection during the monitoring period [3][4] Group 2: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the successful initial results, significant challenges remain, including immune rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the need for optimized immunosuppressive protocols [5][6][7] - The research team aims to enhance gene editing strategies and anti-rejection treatments to prolong the survival and functionality of transplanted organs, with plans to apply their self-developed non-invasive techniques to reduce lung damage during mechanical ventilation [7][9] Group 3: Market and Clinical Implications - The current organ supply-demand ratio in China is approximately 1:8, highlighting the urgent need for alternative organ sources like xenotransplantation [9][14] - The potential for pig lungs to serve as a viable alternative for human lung transplants could significantly impact the organ transplant landscape, especially given the historical challenges associated with lung transplants [4][5] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The use of gene editing to modify pig organs aims to reduce immunogenicity, making them more compatible for human transplantation [5][15] - Companies like Zhongke Aoge and Dashuo Group are at the forefront of developing genetically modified pigs, with ongoing research into various organ types, including kidneys and livers, to facilitate clinical trials [18][17]

Group 1 - The company *ST Bio announced on August 28 that its 12th second board meeting was held via communication on August 27, 2025 [1] - The meeting reviewed the proposal regarding the special report on the use and storage of raised funds for the first half of 2025 [1] Group 2 - The news highlights the world's first successful transplantation of gene-edited pig lungs into humans, raising questions about the timeline for clinical applications [1]

Core Insights - The successful transplantation of genetically edited pig lungs into a human patient marks a significant milestone in the field of xenotransplantation, addressing the critical shortage of human lung donors [2][4][10] - The research indicates that the genetically modified pig lung can survive and function for 9 days in a human body, demonstrating the potential for clinical applications in the future [5][8] Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The study published in "Nature Medicine" details the process of transplanting a genetically edited pig lung into a 39-year-old male patient who was brain dead, with a total cold ischemia time of 206 minutes [4][5] - This is the first successful case of pig lung transplantation into a human, which is considered a major advancement in the scientific community [4][7] Group 2: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the success, significant challenges remain, including immune rejection and the need for optimized immunosuppressive protocols [5][6][15] - The research team aims to enhance gene editing strategies and anti-rejection treatments to prolong the survival and functionality of transplanted organs [8][19] Group 3: Industry Context - The demand for transplantable organs far exceeds supply, with a projected donor-to-recipient ratio of 1:8 in China by 2024, highlighting the urgency for alternative sources like xenotransplantation [10][15] - The use of genetically modified pigs is seen as a promising solution to the organ shortage, as their organs are similar in size to human organs and can be produced without the same limitations as human donors [10][17] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The genetic editing technology used to create the donor pigs is at the forefront of scientific innovation, allowing for the removal of genes that trigger strong immune responses in humans [6][17] - Companies like Zhongke Aoge and Dashuo Group are leading efforts in developing these genetically modified pigs, contributing to China's position in the global xenotransplantation landscape [18][19]

Core Insights - The research team from Guangzhou Medical University has successfully conducted the world's first case of gene-edited pig lung transplantation into a brain-dead human, maintaining ventilation and gas exchange for 9 days without acute rejection [1][3][4] - This breakthrough aims to address the organ shortage issue by providing a stable and controllable source of donor organs through xenotransplantation [1][4] Group 1: Research Details - The pig lung used in the transplantation was genetically edited at six sites to reduce immune risks upon transplantation into humans [4] - The study adhered to national laws and ethical guidelines, with the brain-dead patient’s family consenting to the research [4] - The research is seen as a significant step in the field of xenotransplantation, with plans to optimize gene editing strategies and anti-rejection treatments to extend the survival and functionality of transplanted organs [4][5] Group 2: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the initial success, challenges remain, including the need to validate the lung's functionality, long-term stability, and the burden of immunosuppressive therapy [5][6][8] - The World Health Organization reports a severe imbalance in organ supply and demand in China, with approximately 300,000 patients waiting for transplants and only about 15,000 available organs annually [7] - The potential of xenotransplantation is highlighted by previous successful cases of pig organ transplants, but issues such as antibody-mediated rejection and viral risks from pig organs still need to be addressed [8][9]

Core Insights - The research team from Guangzhou Medical University successfully transplanted a gene-edited pig lung into a human, marking a significant milestone in xenotransplantation [1][3][4] - The transplanted lung functioned for 9 days, demonstrating the potential of gene-edited organs to address the shortage of human organ donors [1][6][9] Group 1: Research Achievements - The pig lung was genetically modified using CRISPR technology to reduce immune rejection risks by silencing three genes and adding three human protein genes [9][11] - The patient, a 39-year-old brain-dead man, showed no immediate acute rejection of the pig lung, which is a common issue in organ transplants [4][11] - The study highlights the potential for gene-edited pig organs to be more compatible with human physiology, which could alleviate the organ donor shortage [3][6] Group 2: Clinical Observations - The transplanted lung maintained its function for 216 hours, with no signs of hyperacute rejection during the monitoring period [13][15] - Despite some immune response and organ damage observed, the lung was able to perform gas exchange effectively for the duration of the experiment [4][8][11] - The research team plans to optimize gene editing strategies and anti-rejection treatments to extend the survival and functionality of transplanted organs [8][15] Group 3: Future Directions - The study is seen as a step forward in the challenging field of xenotransplantation, with further research needed to address the challenges of organ rejection and infection [14][15] - Experts emphasize the importance of ethical considerations and safety protocols in conducting such high-risk research [15] - The research team aims to apply their findings to clinical settings, potentially transforming the landscape of organ transplantation [8][14]

Core Viewpoint - The successful transplantation of gene-edited pig lungs into a human marks a significant milestone in xenotransplantation, potentially addressing the shortage of human organ donors [1][5][12]. Group 1: Research Achievement - A team led by Professor He Jianxing from Guangzhou Medical University successfully transplanted a gene-edited left lung from a Bama pig into a brain-dead patient, with the lung functioning for 9 days [1][12]. - The research was published on August 25 in the journal Nature Medicine, receiving high praise from international experts as a milestone in the field [2][4]. Group 2: Implications for Organ Transplantation - This achievement highlights the potential of gene-edited pig organs to be more compatible with human biology, which could alleviate the shortage of lung transplant donors [5][9]. - The global demand for organ transplants is increasing, and xenotransplantation is seen as a promising solution to the donor shortage crisis [9]. Group 3: Technical Details - The transplanted pig lung underwent six CRISPR gene edits to silence three genes that trigger immune responses and to introduce three human protein genes to reduce immune risks [14]. - Despite some immune response and organ damage observed, there was no immediate strong rejection of the gene-edited pig lung [6][17]. Group 4: Future Directions - The research team plans to optimize gene editing strategies and anti-rejection treatments to extend the survival and functionality of transplanted organs [13][26]. - Further studies are needed to address challenges related to organ rejection and infection before this procedure can be translated into clinical practice [26].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses significant advancements in xenotransplantation, particularly focusing on the successful transplantation of genetically edited pig organs into human patients, highlighting the potential to alleviate organ shortages in humans [3][4][5]. Summary by Sections Breakthroughs in Xenotransplantation - In October 2021, NYU Langone Medical Center performed the first transplantation of a genetically edited pig kidney into a brain-dead woman [3]. - In January 2022, the University of Maryland conducted the first live transplantation of a genetically edited pig heart, with the patient surviving for approximately two months [3]. Recent Research on Pig Lung Transplantation - In March 2025, a team from Xijing Hospital published a paper in Nature, reporting the first successful transplantation of a genetically edited pig liver into a brain-dead patient, with the organ functioning for 10 days [4]. - In August 2025, a study published in Nature Medicine documented the world's first successful transplantation of a genetically edited pig lung into a brain-dead human, with the lung surviving for 9 days and functioning properly [5][4]. Genetic Modifications and Challenges - The pig lung used in the transplantation was genetically modified by deleting three "dangerous" genes (GTKO, CMAH, B4GALNT2) and adding three protective human genes (hCD46, hCD55, hTBM) to mitigate immune rejection [7][9]. - During a 216-hour monitoring period, the transplanted pig lung maintained vitality and function without signs of hyperacute rejection or infection, although complications such as severe edema and antibody-mediated rejection were observed [9][10]. Future Directions and Considerations - The study indicates that further genetic modifications may be necessary to improve outcomes, particularly in addressing coagulation disorders and enhancing graft survival [11][12]. - The complexity of lung transplantation poses greater challenges compared to other organs, necessitating ongoing preclinical research to overcome these barriers [12]. China's Leadership in Xenotransplantation - Chinese scientists are at the forefront of xenotransplantation research, having completed the world's first human transplant of genetically edited pig liver and lung, as well as a kidney transplant with a patient surviving for nearly six months [12].