中国首个异种器官移植猕猴存活超一年 中新网武汉11月20日电 (常宇)华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院20日宣布，在由该院器官移植研究 所陈刚团队实施的一项基因编辑猪-猕猴异种肾脏移植实验中，受体猕猴存活时间已超一年，移植猪肾 功能良好。 "对于无器官可用的终末期患者，异种移植是延续生命的希望之光。我们的最终目标，是真正解决器官 短缺这一世界性难题。"陈刚表示，团队有望在未来三至五年内推动该技术走向临床。(完) 来源：中国新闻网 编辑：熊思怡 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中新经纬版权所有，未经书面授权，任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索"中新经纬"或"jwview")，看更多精彩财经资讯。 据悉，这是世界范围内除美国之外，首个存活超过一年的异种移植灵长类动物案例，为人类解决临床器 官短缺难题奠定了关键的科学基础。 异种移植是医学界探索解决器官供需矛盾的途径之一，但也面临剧烈免疫排斥反应等核心障碍。 自1999年完成中国最早异种移植动物实验以来，陈刚团队在此领域持续深耕。2019年，团队使用新型多 基因编辑猪进一步开展实验 ...

Core Viewpoint - United Therapeutics has initiated the first clinical trial of gene-edited pig kidney transplantation in humans, marking a significant step towards large-scale clinical trials in this field [1][2]. Group 1: Clinical Trial Details - The trial is the first FDA-approved human transplantation of gene-edited pig kidneys, aimed at systematically evaluating the safety and efficacy for patients with end-stage renal disease [2]. - The initial phase will recruit 6 patients, with an independent data monitoring committee reviewing safety and efficacy data after at least 12 weeks post-surgery [2]. - If successful, the trial may expand to include up to 50 participants as more transplant centers join [2]. Group 2: Background and Significance - Previous cases of pig kidney transplantation were conducted under "compassionate use" rules for critically ill patients, but this trial allows for a more stable patient population [3]. - The trial represents a transition from individual cases to systematic clinical research, indicating technological maturity and a new phase in gene-edited organ transplantation [3]. - Another company, eGenesis, plans to start its own pig kidney clinical trial within months, aiming to complete 33 trials over the next two and a half years [3]. Group 3: Current Status and Challenges - As of early November, at least two patients (one in China and one in the U.S.) who received gene-edited pig kidney transplants are still alive [4]. - A notable case in China has seen a transplanted pig kidney functioning well for over 240 days, potentially setting a record for survival [5]. - The field of xenotransplantation aims to address the shortage of human organ donations, but challenges remain, including immune rejection and ensuring long-term organ viability [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - The successful transplantation of a genetically edited pig kidney into a human patient, Tim Andrews, has set a new record for survival duration, lasting 271 days, highlighting advancements in xenotransplantation and its potential to address organ shortages [1][2]. Group 1: Medical Advancements - Tim Andrews underwent a pig kidney transplant on January 25, which was genetically edited to enhance compatibility and reduce rejection risks [1]. - The pig kidney was edited at 69 sites, including the removal of genes that cause rejection and the addition of human genes to improve compatibility [1]. - Despite the advancements, Andrews experienced rejection reactions and had to have the kidney removed after 271 days due to the side effects of immunosuppressive drugs [2]. Group 2: Global Research Efforts - The U.S. has seen multiple attempts at xenotransplantation, with previous cases of pig kidney transplants lasting less than two months before rejection [1]. - Chinese medical teams are also making strides in this field, with a successful pig kidney transplant that has functioned for over 200 days, marking a significant achievement in Asia [2]. - Other organs, such as pig hearts, lungs, and livers, are being explored for transplantation to address the organ shortage crisis [3]. Group 3: Ethical and Research Considerations - There are ongoing concerns regarding the long-term health impacts of animal organ transplants on humans, as well as the quality of life for recipients [3]. - The field of xenotransplantation raises ethical, anthropological, and sociological questions that need to be addressed to ensure responsible implementation [3].

Core Insights - A record-setting event occurred as a man in the U.S. underwent a pig kidney transplant that lasted nearly 9 months before the kidney was removed due to failure, leading to the resumption of dialysis treatment [1][5]. Group 1: Transplant Details - The transplanted pig kidney functioned for 271 days, setting a new record for the survival duration of pig kidneys in similar trials [5]. - The recipient, Tim Andrews, a 67-year-old from New Hampshire, received the genetically edited pig kidney in January [5]. - The kidney underwent 69 genetic modifications to help prevent organ rejection and other complications [5]. Group 2: Research Implications - Tim Andrews' experience is expected to provide significant insights for the field of xenotransplantation research [5].

Core Insights - A 67-year-old patient in the U.S. underwent a pig kidney transplant that lasted nearly 9 months, setting a new record for the survival duration of genetically edited pig kidneys in human trials [1][2] - The pig kidney was genetically modified with 69 edits to reduce rejection risks and enhance compatibility with human biology [1] - Despite the advancements, the patient experienced organ rejection and side effects from immunosuppressive drugs, leading to the kidney's removal [1] Group 1: Transplant Details - The transplant was performed at Brigham and Women's Hospital on January 25, where the patient temporarily ceased dialysis after the procedure [1] - The kidney's survival duration of 9 months is significant compared to previous attempts with pig organs, which did not exceed a few months [2] Group 2: Research Implications - This trial provides valuable insights for future xenotransplantation research, which aims to address the shortage of human transplant organs [2] - Pigs are considered ideal candidates for organ donation due to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans, although challenges remain [2]

Core Insights - A 67-year-old patient in the U.S. underwent a pig kidney transplant that lasted nearly 9 months, setting a new record for the survival duration of genetically edited pig kidneys in human trials [1] - The pig kidney was genetically modified with 69 edits to reduce rejection risks and improve compatibility with human organs [1] - Despite the advancements, the patient experienced organ rejection and side effects from immunosuppressive drugs, leading to the removal of the pig kidney [1] Group 1 - The transplant provided valuable insights for xenotransplantation research, highlighting the potential of genetically edited pig organs to address organ shortages [2] - Previous attempts to transplant genetically edited pig hearts, lungs, and livers into humans have not exceeded a few months of survival [2] - Pigs are considered ideal candidates for xenotransplantation due to the similarities in organ structure and physiological functions, although various risks and technical challenges remain [2]

Core Viewpoint - Recent breakthroughs in xenotransplantation using genetically edited pig organs have sparked global interest in addressing the shortage of human organ transplants [2][3][4]. Group 1: Milestones in Xenotransplantation - In October 2021, NYU Langone Medical Center performed the first successful transplant of a genetically edited pig kidney into a brain-dead woman [2]. - In January 2022, the University of Maryland conducted the first live transplant of a genetically edited pig heart, with the patient surviving for approximately two months [2]. - On March 27, 2025, Chinese scientists published the first case of a genetically edited pig liver transplant into a brain-dead human, with the liver functioning for 10 days without rejection [3]. - On October 8, 2025, the first live transplant of a genetically edited pig liver was successfully performed, with the patient surviving for 171 days, setting a new record [4][5]. Group 2: Technical Aspects of the Research - The genetically edited pig liver used in the transplant underwent rigorous pathogen screening and was modified at 10 genetic sites to prevent rejection [5]. - Key genes were knocked out to prevent acute rejection, while human genes were introduced to enhance immune compatibility [5]. - The patient had a significant liver tumor and was initially deemed unsuitable for surgical removal, making the pig liver a critical transitional therapy [5]. Group 3: Post-Transplant Outcomes - In the first 31 days post-transplant, the patient did not experience acute rejection or severe complications, and liver and kidney functions remained stable [6]. - However, on day 38, the patient developed thrombotic microangiopathy (xTMA), leading to the removal of the pig liver [6]. - Despite successful management of xTMA, the patient ultimately passed away on day 171 due to recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding [6][9]. Group 4: Implications for Future Research - The study demonstrates the feasibility of using pig livers as transitional support for patients with unresectable liver cancer or liver failure [9]. - It highlights the need for further research to improve outcomes in xenotransplantation, particularly regarding xTMA [6][9].

Core Viewpoint - The primary motivation for xenotransplantation research is the shortage of human organs, with a focus on establishing a legal framework for organ donation and promoting voluntary, non-remunerated organ donation after death [1][11]. Group 1: Progress in Xenotransplantation - Significant milestones in xenotransplantation have been achieved in the past five years, including the first successful transplantation of genetically modified pig organs into human patients [6][7]. - The first case of a genetically modified pig kidney transplanted into a living human was reported, with the patient surviving for nearly eight months [6][8]. - The FDA has approved the first clinical trial for pig kidney transplantation, marking a regulatory advancement in the field [8][9]. Group 2: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite progress, xenotransplantation faces challenges such as long-term rejection reactions, biological compatibility issues, and the risk of viral infections from pig organs [15][16]. - The supply-demand ratio for organs in China is approximately 1:8, indicating a significant gap that xenotransplantation aims to address [11][13]. - There is a need for further research and clinical trials to ensure the safety and efficacy of xenotransplantation, particularly in the context of regulatory frameworks and patient selection criteria [8][11]. Group 3: Public Perception and Education - Public concerns regarding xenotransplantation include fears of changing human characteristics and potential disease transmission from pig organs [17]. - Efforts are being made to educate the public about the realities of xenotransplantation, emphasizing that pig organs are merely biological materials and do not alter human behavior [17]. - The promotion of knowledge about xenotransplantation is seen as essential to addressing the organ shortage crisis and advancing the field [17].

Core Points - The case of Tim Andrews, a 67-year-old American man, marks a significant milestone in xenotransplantation, as he has survived nearly 8 months after receiving a genetically edited pig kidney transplant, the longest survival time recorded for such a procedure [1][3][4] - The transplant was performed by Dr. Tatsuo Kawai at Massachusetts General Hospital, who believes that pig kidney transplants could become routine surgeries within five years, despite existing challenges [1][5] Group 1: Patient and Procedure Details - Tim Andrews is the fourth patient in the U.S. to receive a genetically edited pig kidney transplant, having been diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease and requiring dialysis for over two years prior to the surgery [3][4] - The pig kidney used in the transplant underwent 69 genomic edits, including 59 to inactivate porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) and 10 to eliminate three types of glycan antigens to prevent hyperacute rejection [3][4] - The transplant has allowed Andrews to stop dialysis, and he is currently on a unique immunosuppressive treatment plan [4][8] Group 2: Research and Future Prospects - The FDA has approved eGenesis to conduct trials involving genetically edited pig kidney transplants in 33 patients aged 50 and above with end-stage kidney disease [1][3] - Dr. Kawai emphasizes the importance of the first six months post-transplant for both patient and organ survival, noting that managing fluid balance and immunosuppressive drug dosages is more complex than in human-to-human transplants [7][8] - The success of Andrews and another patient, Bill Stewart, who has survived three months post-transplant, indicates significant advancements in xenotransplantation technology [4][8] Group 3: Historical Context and Challenges - Historical attempts at xenotransplantation faced severe immune rejection, with survival times ranging from minutes to days in earlier cases involving primate organs [10] - The field of organ transplantation has seen a dramatic increase in success rates over the past four decades, from less than 50% to over 95% for human-to-human transplants [10] - Future breakthroughs in xenotransplantation may include heart transplants, although challenges remain due to the critical condition of patients and the complexity of translating these techniques to clinical applications [10]

Core Viewpoint - The successful transplantation of genetically edited pig kidneys into humans marks a significant milestone in xenotransplantation, with the longest survival time recorded at nearly 8 months for patient Tim Andrews [1][2]. Group 1: Patient and Procedure Details - Tim Andrews, a 67-year-old man, received a genetically edited pig kidney transplant after suffering from end-stage renal disease and being on dialysis for over two years [2][3]. - The transplant involved a pig kidney with 69 genomic edits, including 59 to inactivate porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) and 10 to eliminate three types of glycan antigens to prevent hyperacute rejection [2][3]. - The surgery was performed by Dr. Tatsuo Kawai, who believes that pig kidney transplants could become routine within five years despite existing challenges [1][4]. Group 2: Research and Regulatory Aspects - The FDA has approved eGenesis to conduct trials involving genetically edited pig kidney transplants in 33 patients aged 50 and above with end-stage renal disease [1][2]. - The ongoing research aims to identify the optimal combination of gene edits necessary for successful xenotransplantation, as the specific human proteins critical for success remain under debate [3][4]. Group 3: Historical Context and Future Prospects - Historically, the survival times for patients receiving animal organ transplants ranged from 4 minutes to 70 days, highlighting the advancements made in xenotransplantation technology [3][5]. - The next potential breakthrough in xenotransplantation may involve heart transplants, although challenges remain due to the critical condition of patients and the complexity of the procedure [6][7].