Core Viewpoint - The research team from Yunnan Province has developed a method to convert skin fibroblasts into induced osteoblasts, providing an innovative solution for the clinical treatment of severe fractures or non-unions [1][2]. Group 1: Research Methodology - The team utilized a combination of small molecule compounds to successfully reprogram fibroblasts into induced osteoblasts with biological characteristics similar to natural osteoblasts, laying the foundation for autologous cell therapy for bone injuries, particularly in the elderly [2]. - The induced osteoblasts were formed into spheroids, which simulate the three-dimensional growth environment of cells, enhancing their activity and functionality compared to traditional two-dimensional cultures [2]. Group 2: Experimental Results - In experiments on a critical bone defect mouse model, the transplantation of induced osteoblast spheroids resulted in significant bone bridging at the defect site after 28 days, comparable to the effects of young donor-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplants [2]. - The induced osteoblast spheroids significantly improved metrics such as bone volume fraction, bone surface fraction, trabecular number, and bone density at the defect site [2][3]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - The induced osteoblast spheroids maintained good functional activity post-transplant, promoting angiogenesis and bone tissue regeneration while reducing reactive oxygen species levels, which aids in protecting transplanted cells and surrounding tissues [3]. - This breakthrough addresses the critical shortage of allogeneic bone sources in clinical treatment and lays the groundwork for precise treatment of bone injuries using autologous tissue-engineered bone, potentially advancing the field of regenerative medicine [3].

4 月 30 日晚，北京，工作人员对从中国空间站返回的生命类科学实验样品进行状态检查确认。（中国科 学院空间应用中心 供图） 4 月 30 日晚，北京，工作人员对从中国空间站返回的生命类科学实验样品进行状态检查确认并称重。 （中国科学院空间应用中心 供图） 记者从中国载人航天工程空间应用系统总体单位——中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心（空间应 用中心）获悉，中国空间站第八批空间科学实验样品4月30日中午随神舟十九号飞船顺利返回地球，本 次返回科学实验样品涉及空间生命科学、空间材料科学、空间新技术等领域的25项实验项目，总重量约 37.25公斤。 因生物活性要求，空间生命类科学实验样品第一时间从着陆场转运至北京中国科学院空间应用中 心。4月30日晚，中国科学院空间应用中心对返回的生命类科学实验样品进行状态检查确认后，交付给 科学家开展后续研究。 中国科学院空间应用中心介绍，本次返回生命类样品主要包括骨细胞和成骨细胞、人诱导多能干细 胞、人支气管上皮细胞、人和动物早期胚胎、蛋白样品及果蝇等20类，是中国空间站应用与发展阶段下 行生物样品种类和涉及实验项目最多的一次。 科学家将对返回样品开展形态检测、细胞谱系分析、 ...

据了解，此次下行的材料类实验样品后续将随返回舱运输回京，包括高强韧钢、月壤加固材料等4类22种。 太空生命科学实验 助力守护人类健康 为什么要在太空开展生命科学实验，这些生命科学实验样品将为我们揭开哪些"生命密码"呢？一起来了解。 央视网消息：4月30日13时08分，神舟十九号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场东区成功着陆，中国空间站第八批空间科学实验样品也随神舟 十九号乘组返回地球，生命类科学实验样品于30日晚顺利交付给科学家。 据记者介绍，这次随神舟十九号飞船下行的科学实验样品涉及空间生命科学、材料科学、新技术等多个领域的25个实验项目，总重量约 37.25公斤。在现场交付的实验样品主要是生命类科学实验样品，因为生物活性的特殊要求，这些样品是第一时间从着陆场转运到中国科学院 空间应用中心。现场交付的生命类科学实验样品包括骨细胞和成骨细胞、人支气管上皮细胞、蛋白样品及果蝇等20类，是空间站应用与发展阶 段下行生物样品种类最多的一次。此次下行的果蝇，跟斑马鱼、小白鼠一样是重要的模式生物，人类有约75%的致病基因都可以在果蝇身上找 到同源基因。神舟十九号乘组在轨期间，果蝇在空间站特殊装置内展开了"亚磁-微重力"实验。在 ...

Core Points - The eighth batch of space science experiment samples has successfully returned to Earth with the Shenzhou 19 crew, involving 25 experimental projects across various fields [1][3] - The total weight of the returned samples is approximately 37.25 kilograms [3] Group 1: Life Science Experiments - The delivered samples primarily consist of life science experiments, including bone cells, bronchial epithelial cells, early embryos of humans and animals, protein samples, and fruit flies, totaling 20 categories [6][8] - These life science samples were prioritized for transport due to their biological activity requirements, marking the largest variety of biological samples returned from the space station [6] Group 2: Fruit Fly Experiments - A notable experiment involved fruit flies that successfully bred in space, achieving "four generations" under microgravity and low magnetic field conditions [11][15] - Fruit flies are significant model organisms in genetic research, with 75% of human disease genes having homologs in fruit flies, contributing to six Nobel Prizes in related studies [13] Group 3: Material Science Experiments - The materials science samples, including high-strength steel and lunar soil reinforcement materials, will be transported back to Beijing for further research [19] - The ongoing research aims to provide important theoretical foundations and technical support for future deep space exploration and human space activities [19]

Core Insights - The successful return of the eighth batch of space science experiment samples from the Chinese space station on April 30, 2023, marks a significant achievement in space research, involving 25 experimental projects across various fields including space life sciences, materials science, and new technologies, with a total weight of approximately 37.25 kilograms [1][3] Group 1: Space Life Sciences - The returned life science samples include 20 categories such as bone cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, bronchial epithelial cells, early embryos of humans and animals, protein samples, and fruit flies, representing the largest variety of biological samples and experimental projects to date from the Chinese space station [3][5] - Research will focus on mechanisms of bone loss in microgravity, characteristics of 3D growth of stem cells in space, effects of space radiation on cancer, and the impact of space environments on early embryonic development [5][7] Group 2: Space Materials Science - The materials science samples, which will be transported back to Beijing, consist of 22 types across 4 categories, including tungsten-based ultra-high temperature alloys, high-strength steel, nonlinear optical crystals, indium selenide semiconductor crystals, lunar soil reinforcement materials, and gel composite lubricants [5][7] - The research aims to analyze the effects of microgravity on material growth, segregation, solidification defects, and performance, providing technical support for the design of new high-performance alloys and large-size high-performance crystals [7]

此前，我国已将人多能干细胞来源心肌细胞、皮肤干细胞、成骨细胞、人骨骼肌卫星细胞等19种细胞和人工血管芯片送上太空，在轨共开 展了22项细胞学实验研究，从在轨实验技术、实验模型和科学研究等多方面取得了系列创新性成果，一些成果已经服务于大众健康，为探索人 类骨质疏松、肌萎缩、心血管功能下降、认知功能下降等健康问题提供研究平台。专家介绍，这次空间站新增加的三项细胞学研究也具备服务 大众健康的意义。 细胞学一直都是我国航天医学实验的重要组成部分，它主要是围绕空间环境对细胞的影响以及细胞的响应特点和规律开展的研究。那么， 空间站这次"上新"的这三种细胞究竟又将揭开怎样的生命密码呢？ 李莹辉称："太空中曾发现有血栓形成的航天员，那么我们瞄准着血栓形成的机制，选用了心肌细胞和内皮细胞两种细胞的共同培养，去 看在这种失重条件下细胞间的相互作用。还有一类实验也是国际上头一次，把三种脑区细胞皮层、丘脑和小脑组合成一个三脑类脑体来进行共 培养，是为了研究失重条件下，从运动能力的角度去看看细胞间的相互作用。还有一个，我们从传统医学中临床经典方里边进行了筛选，通过 对神经细胞的调节，我们希望看到它能够在提高记忆力方面是不是有更好的作用 ...