Group 1 - The UK Prime Minister Starmer announced a new Strategic Defense Review that includes 62 recommendations aimed at enhancing the UK's military capabilities, with a focus on the direct threat posed by Russia [1][3] - The review emphasizes that the threats faced by the UK are more severe and unpredictable than at any time since the Cold War, citing examples such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and cyberattacks [3] - Plans include the construction of 12 new attack submarines, the establishment of at least 6 new munitions factories, and investments in new air defense and missile systems [3][4] Group 2 - The UK government will invest £15 billion in modernizing nuclear weapon production facilities as part of the "Dreadnought" strategic submarine program [4] - A volunteer home defense force will be established to protect critical national infrastructure from drone attacks and other threats [4] - The UK is considering purchasing F-35A fighter jets to restore its air-launched nuclear deterrent capabilities [4] Group 3 - Starmer expressed 100% confidence in achieving the outlined military plans, which represent the highest sustained growth in defense spending since the Cold War [4] - The UK Defense Secretary acknowledged that any plans to expand the military size would have to wait until after the 2029 elections, highlighting the current size of the armed forces as the smallest in 300 years [4] - Criticism arose from opposition leaders regarding the lack of a specific timeline for increasing defense spending to 3% of GDP [4][5]

近年来，人民海军的主战装备迭代迅速，从小艇到巨舰，从单兵到体系，以第四代装备为引领、第三代 装备为主体的现代化人民海军正在形成。海军潜艇部队包括装备战略核潜艇、攻击核潜艇和常规动力潜 艇，是水下重要突击力量，也是人民海军重点发展建设兵种。军事专家曹卫东：我们常规潜艇现在是 AIP系统，就是不依赖空气动力，这样它下潜之后不用经常浮出水面，而且它在水下的隐蔽性能更好， 这是常规的潜艇。作为核潜艇，我们既有攻击型的核潜艇，就是搭载常规武器鱼雷、导弹。我们还有战 略导弹核潜艇，战略导弹核潜艇现在已经可以搭载比较多的战略导弹，那就增加了海基的打击的能力， 所以核常兼备这个角度我们又有亮点。(央视新闻) ...

Core Viewpoint - Russia plans to invest 8.4 trillion rubles (approximately 100.9 billion USD) in naval shipbuilding over the next decade [1][2]. Summary by Sections Naval Modernization - Over the past five years, Russia has constructed 49 naval vessels of various classes, including 4 Borei-class strategic nuclear submarines and 4 Yasen-class submarines [2]. - President Putin emphasized the importance of the navy in ensuring national defense and protecting Russia's interests in global waters [2]. Investment and Strategic Focus - The significant investment in naval shipbuilding is a response to new dangers and challenges, including advancements in drone and robotic technologies, as well as the evolving global political landscape [2]. - Putin highlighted that modern weapons and equipment now account for 100% of Russia's strategic nuclear forces, a figure that must be maintained in the future [2].