Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges faced by the Xiyang watermelon industry in Henan Province and highlights the innovative solutions provided by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences' polyploid genetic breeding team to enhance the industry's quality and competitiveness [1][2][3]. Group 1: Industry Challenges - The Xiyang watermelon industry is facing severe challenges due to a single variety structure, outdated cultivation methods, and declining fruit quality, which restrict further development [1][2]. - The traditional variety "Early Jia 8424" dominates with over 80% planting share but has shown weaknesses such as thin skin, low yield, and poor market competitiveness over time [2][3]. Group 2: Innovative Solutions - The breeding team has developed several new high-quality watermelon varieties, including "Zhongmi No. 1" and "Zhongyu 22," which have strong disease resistance and high sugar content, significantly improving farmers' income [3][5]. - The introduction of the hanging vine cultivation model has increased planting density from 900 to 2200-2500 plants per acre, doubling the income potential compared to traditional methods [6][7]. Group 3: Technological Empowerment - The establishment of a smart seedling greenhouse with an investment of 16 million yuan has supported the production of over 3 million seedlings annually, addressing seedling loss and providing quality seedlings for the new cultivation model [6][7]. - The implementation of standardized management systems and expert guidance has led to significant improvements in watermelon quality and yield, with farmers reporting income increases of several times [7][8]. Group 4: Market and Brand Development - Despite achieving a brand value of 2.553 billion yuan and national geographical indication certification, the Xiyang watermelon market still relies heavily on bulk wholesale, limiting premium pricing opportunities [8][9]. - The county is exploring order agriculture and brand grading sales models to enhance the market value of Xiyang watermelons and improve overall industry competitiveness [8][9]. Group 5: Future Directions - The local government is focusing on four key areas: variety updates, innovative cultivation models, complete industry chain development, and quality upgrades to transition the industry from scale expansion to quality and efficiency improvement [9].

Core Insights - The article discusses the evolution and diversity of watermelon varieties, highlighting the impact of modern breeding techniques on traditional farming practices [2][4][11] - It emphasizes the significant market demand in China, which drives the rapid development of new watermelon varieties, with over 200 new types introduced in the last decade [2][11] Breeding and Market Dynamics - Modern breeding has led to the creation of watermelons with desirable traits such as thinner skins, sweeter flesh, seedless options, and extended supply periods [2][4] - China consumes approximately 80 million tons of watermelon annually, averaging 50 kg per person, making it the largest producer and consumer globally [2][11] Notable Varieties - The Kirin watermelon is highlighted as a market leader due to its long sales period from May to December and consistent quality, earning it the nickname "ice sugar melon" [4][5] - The 8424 variety, particularly popular in the Shanghai area, is recognized for its unique taste and has achieved geographical indication product certification [7][8] Regional Preferences - Regional preferences significantly influence watermelon popularity, with the 8424 variety being favored in the Yangtze River Delta, while the Kirin watermelon dominates other markets [6][7] - The article notes the emergence of counterfeit products, as the appearance of Kirin and 8424 watermelons can be easily confused [8] Unique Characteristics of Varieties - The Ningxia selenium sand watermelon is noted for its unique growing conditions that enhance sweetness, while Xinjiang watermelons are recognized for their large size and juicy texture [10] - New varieties like Sweet King and Yellow-fleshed watermelons are gaining popularity for their high sugar content and unique flavors [11][13] Consumer Guidance - The article provides guidance on selecting watermelons based on taste preferences, budget, intended use, and trust in production regions [14] - It concludes that the diversity of watermelon varieties allows consumers to find options that suit their individual tastes and needs, reflecting advancements in agricultural technology [14]