Core Insights - The article discusses the challenges in clinical drug delivery, including poor patient adherence due to complex dosing regimens and the difficulty in maintaining drug stability over time [2][5] - Intelligent and miniaturized drug delivery devices (IMDDD) are emerging as a solution, integrating technologies from biotechnology, AI, electronics, and materials science to enhance drug delivery precision and patient compliance [2][5] Summary by Sections Overview of IMDDD - IMDDD represents a new generation of drug delivery technology, combining engineering innovations with medical needs, and is highlighted in a review paper published in Nature by researchers from Zhejiang University and MIT [3] - The development of IMDDD is driven by advancements in AI, 3D printing, materials science, and bioelectronics, allowing for precise control over drug delivery modes [5] Categories of IMDDD - IMDDD can be categorized into four main types based on integrated control modules: 1. Bioelectronic therapeutic devices that use electrical signals for drug release and physiological monitoring [7] 2. Physically triggered actuators responding to external stimuli [7] 3. Physicochemical response devices that detect and respond to internal physiological signals [7] 4. Living devices integrating biological agents for therapeutic purposes [7] AI Empowerment in IMDDD - AI enhances IMDDD design and manufacturing through three main approaches: 1. AI-driven closed-loop systems for dynamic drug delivery adjustments [21] 2. AI-assisted drug and device development for optimizing drug targets and materials [22] 3. AI-supported data processing for improved medical data analysis [22] Clinical Applications of IMDDD - IMDDD has potential applications in various fields, including: - Cancer treatment with localized drug delivery systems [25] - Diabetes management through wearable insulin patches and oral insulin capsules [25] - Vaccine delivery using painless microneedle patches [25] - Other treatments for cardiovascular diseases and wound management [25] Future Outlook and Challenges - The development of IMDDD faces challenges in effectiveness, reliability, safety, and production consistency [27][28][29][30] - Future directions include achieving more precise control through advanced algorithms, further miniaturization and integration of devices, and establishing comprehensive regulatory frameworks [30][32]