撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 多层结构的 核仁 是 核糖体 生物合成的主要场所，在这里，构成核糖体小亚基 （SSU） 和大亚基 （LSU） 的 rRNA 前体 （ pre-rRNA ） 依次成熟。然而， pre-rRNA 加工与核仁亚结构之间的空间功能关系，以及这种关系如何适应细胞生理需求的变化，一直未被完全理解。 2025 年 7 月 23 日，中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心 陈玲玲 研究员团队 （博士生 潘宇航 、博士后 单琳 、博士生 张宇瑶 为共同第一作者） 在国际顶 尖学术期刊 Nature 上加速上线了题为： Pre-rRNA spatial distribution and functional organisation of the nucleolus 的研究论文。 该研究系统解析了构成核糖体大小亚基的 rRNA 前体 （ pre-rRNA ） 在核仁中的动态成熟过程，发现了核糖体小亚基 （ SSU ） pre-rRNA 的加工效率直接调 控核仁内层结构的稳定性，提出了 pre-rRNA 加工的区域化模 型 及其在多层结构核仁的功能与进化中具有重要意义 。 真核细胞的细胞核中的 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the role of m6A modification in mRNA degradation and its implications for cancer treatment and aging research [4][12]. Group 1: Mechanism of m6A in mRNA Degradation - m6A is the most common chemical modification on mRNA, acting like a "time bomb" that influences protein synthesis machinery, specifically ribosomes [6]. - The latest research reveals that m6A induces ribosome stalling for over 0.5 seconds at specific codons, which is three times longer than normal, leading to ribosome collisions that enhance mRNA degradation efficiency by up to 70% [6][4]. - Ribosome collisions create unique "double ribosome footprints," which recruit YTHDF proteins to promote mRNA degradation [4][8]. Group 2: Response to Cellular Stress - During cellular stress, such as amino acid depletion, the m6A-mediated mRNA degradation process is paused, allowing the accumulation of stress response mRNAs that help cells recover [4][11]. - This mechanism enables cells to quickly adjust their gene expression profiles, clearing non-essential mRNA when nutrients are abundant while retaining critical survival genes under stress [11][9]. Group 3: Implications for Disease Treatment - The findings provide new perspectives for cancer treatment and anti-aging therapies, suggesting that inhibiting ASCC3 helicase could enhance m6A-mRNA degradation, aiding in the elimination of pro-survival genes in cancer cells [13]. - The m6A regulatory network is closely related to tumor microenvironment adaptation during nutritional stress, indicating potential metabolic control strategies [13]. - Abnormal m6A accumulation has been found in the brain tissue of Alzheimer's patients, suggesting that regulating this pathway may slow neurodegeneration [13][12].