来源：光明网 当你吃下一碗米饭时，或许不会想到，这颗颗米粒的背后，藏着"上亿个"形态各异、分工明确的水稻细 胞。近日，中国农业科学院生物技术研究所的科研团队在《自然（Nature）》杂志发表研究成果：他们 绘制出全球首个水稻多器官单细胞多组学图谱，就像为水稻细胞世界绘制了一套"高清导航图"，首次能 在单个细胞层面"看清"水稻多器官的生长密码。 给11万个水稻细胞"拍身份证"：从模糊群像到清晰特写 水稻是我国主要的粮食作物，一根稻穗、一片叶子甚至一条根尖，都是由无数细胞"搭积木"般构建而 成。但长期以来，科学家们观察水稻细胞就像看"集体合影"——只能看到细胞群体的大致模样，却分不 清每个细胞的独特身份和功能。 为了给水稻细胞"拍身份证"，科研人员选取了水稻的根、茎、叶、穗等8个关键器官，对其中11.6万个 细胞进行了"深度体检"：通过先进的单细胞测序技术，同步分析每个细胞里的RNA表达（相当于细胞 的"工作记录"）和染色质可及性（相当于基因表达的"开关状态"）。 经过细致分析和原位杂交实验验证，他们精准识别出54种水稻细胞类型。比如根里负责吸收水分的表皮 细胞、叶片中制造养分的叶肉细胞、穗部孕育种子的生殖细胞等 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in single-cell technology and its application in understanding the cellular composition and molecular mechanisms driving cell heterogeneity in plants, particularly focusing on rice as a major crop [2][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - A recent study published in Nature presents a single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice, detailing the chromatin accessibility and RNA expression of 116,564 cells from eight major rice organs [3][6]. - The research identified 54 cell types and described new cellular states, such as a "transitional state" in floral meristem, providing insights into the functional cellular composition of rice at the tissue level [6]. - Key regulatory hubs identified include RSR1, F3H, and LTPL120, which play significant roles in root development, carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and potential plant architecture optimization [6]. Group 2: Technological Contributions - The research team developed the Rice-SCMR, the first intelligent visualization platform for rice single-cell multi-omics, which allows for gene expression and chromatin accessibility searches across 56 annotated cell types [7][10]. - The platform integrates gene regulatory networks, disturbance simulation predictions, and three-dimensional precise localization of GWAS-associated traits, facilitating intelligent design linking genes, cell types, and traits [10]. Group 3: Implications for Agriculture - This study not only provides a unique single-cell multi-omics resource for rice but also enhances the understanding of cell type functions and their potential molecular programs, which could have significant implications for agricultural research and crop improvement [7].