秋高气爽，吉林长春国家农业高新技术产业示范区的一块试验田里，玉米已长有一人多高。 截至目前，长春农高区创新高地汇聚了中国农业科学院、吉林省农业科学院、吉林大学等15家科研 院校的27支专业团队，集中展示玉米、大豆新品种119个，实施玉米秸秆全量深翻还田加水肥一体化、 玉米秸秆直接还田加有机肥高效施用、大豆密植匀播栽培等新技术。 睢宁县创新高地依托企业运营，探索"技术套餐""经理人"和"订单推广"模式，汇聚了中国农业科学 院、江苏省农业科学院、中国农业大学、南京农业大学等13家科研院校团队，集中展示玉米、水稻、大 豆新品种89个和新技术28项，内容覆盖地力提升、生物育种、规范化育秧、病虫害绿色防控和高产攻关 等领域。 在近日于吉林省公主岭市召开的粮食生产技术集成创新高地建设交流研讨会上，业内专家表示，创 新高地建设有力推动了农业科技成果转化应用，后期要进一步加强顶层设计，完善机制，强化政策协同 与资源保障，把创新高地建设成为农民看得见、摸得着、学得会的示范田。（记者胡璐、古一平） 通过科技创新推动粮食单产大面积提升，是保障粮食安全的重要举措。农业农村部科技发展中心主 任杨礼胜介绍说，党的十八大以来，我国农业科技 ...

导读： 2025年中国科学院和中国工程院院士增选推荐工作已经结束，其中，中国科学院院士增选有效候选人639人，中国工程院院士 增选有效候选人660人。 特别提示 微信机制调整，点击顶部"仪器信息网" → 右上方"…" → 设为 ★ 星标，否则很可能无法看到我们的推送。 8月20日，中国科学院、中国工程院公布2025年院士增选有效候选人名单。 2025年中国科学院院士增选推荐工作已 经结束。 经中国工程院第八届主席团第十六次会议审议，中国工程院党组审定， 确认中国工程院2025年院士增选有效候选人 660人。 其中，机械与运载工程学部68人，信息与电子工程学部68人，化工、冶金与材料工程学部71人，能源与矿 业 工 程 学 部 72 人 ， 土 木 、 水 利 与 建 筑 工 程 学 部 91 人 ， 环 境 与 轻 纺 工 程 学 部 73 人 ， 农 业 学 部 83 人 ， 医 药 卫 生 学 部 91 人，另有特别通道43人。 据悉，2025年两院院士增选工作于4月25日正式启动。 本次增选，中国科学院院士、中国工程院院士增选名额各不超 过100名。 关于公布中国工程院2025年院士增选有效候选人名单的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the role of the nitrate receptor NRT1.1B as a dual receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) and nitrate, revealing a new mechanism for plants to integrate environmental signals and nutrient utilization [3][4][6]. Group 1: Key Findings - Abscisic acid (ABA) response is strictly regulated by nitrogen nutrition [9]. - NRT1.1B acts as a dual receptor, competitively binding both ABA and nitrate [9]. - The NRT1.1B-SPX4-NLP4 cascade mediates ABA signal transduction from the plasma membrane to the nucleus [9]. - NRT1.1B integrates complex environmental signals across different plant species [9]. Group 2: Mechanism Insights - Under high nitrate conditions, ABA transcriptional response is suppressed, while it is significantly enhanced under low nitrate conditions, indicating a close relationship between ABA signaling and nutritional status [6]. - The formation of the NRT1.1B-ABA complex promotes the release of the transcription factor NLP4, initiating ABA transcriptional responses [6]. - The competitive binding of nitrate and ABA to NRT1.1B allows for flexible responses to fluctuating nutrient conditions, showcasing a sophisticated strategy for balancing nutrient use and stress adaptation in plants [6][9].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is the establishment of the "1+5" Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance in Anhui Province, aimed at enhancing agricultural innovation and collaboration among top agricultural universities and research institutions in China [1] - The "1" in the alliance represents the Anhui Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, with Anhui Agricultural University as the main implementing unit, alongside various local agricultural research institutions [1] - The "5" refers to five leading agricultural research universities: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Agricultural University, Northwest A&F University, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Huazhong Agricultural University, which will collaborate with Anhui's research teams [1] Group 2 - The alliance aims to leverage the strengths of the "national team" to create a high ground for modern agricultural technology innovation, achievement transformation, and talent cultivation [1] - It is expected to provide high-level technological and talent support for ensuring food supply responsibilities and accelerating the upgrade of the green food industry [1]

为此，科研人员提出"拍照即测"的创新方案，利用计算机视觉技术，训练轻量化深度学习模型，开发出 适用于电脑端和手机端的SeedVision软件，检测人员只需拍照上传相关图像，10秒内即可检测出油菜籽 含油量和蛋白含量等品质指标，检测结果准确率超过88%，平均误差保持在5%以内，为油菜籽乃至花 生、大豆等油料作物品质实时在线检测提供了技术支撑。该成果已申请发明专利3项、软件著作权1项。 新京报讯 据中国农业科学院网站消息，近日，中国农业科学院油料作物研究所油料品质化学与加工利 用创新团队利用计算机视觉和人工智能，构建了油菜籽高质量图像数据库与模型库，实现了油菜籽品质 在线实时秒测。相关研究成果发表在《食品化学（Food Chemistry）》上。 传统的油菜籽品质检测方法依赖精密仪器和实验室分析，不仅样本易破坏，还费时费力，难以满足大规 模、实时检测需求。 该研究得到"十四五"国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、中国农业科学院科技创新工程等项目的资 助。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent research published in Cell reveals that the potato is a hybrid product of ancient crossbreeding between tomatoes and a wild relative, which has significantly contributed to its unique tuber formation and ecological success [2][3][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study, led by Academician Huang Sanwen from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, indicates that the potato lineage originated from an unexpected combination of tomato and a close relative about 8-9 million years ago [3][4]. - The research systematically uncovers the hybrid origin of the potato species, its tuber formation, and subsequent diversification, providing new theoretical insights into species formation mechanisms and genetic breeding [5][8]. - The analysis of 128 genomes revealed that the potato lineage is a "hybrid offspring," with the hybridization event coinciding with the dramatic uplift of the Andes mountains, paving the way for its evolution [8][10]. Group 2: Genetic Mechanisms - The formation of potato tubers is attributed to the complementary inheritance of genes from both parent species: the "light signal gene" SP6A from tomatoes triggers the swelling of underground stolons, while the "regulatory gene" IT1 from the close relative ensures tubers form in the correct location [10][11]. - The research demonstrates that the combination of these genes is unique to hybrids, suggesting a natural selection process that tailored the potato's genetic toolkit for survival [13][14]. Group 3: Evolutionary Advantages - The hybrid potato gained three significant advantages: 1. Asexual reproduction insurance through tubers allows survival in harsh Andean conditions [15]. 2. An explosion of genetic diversity due to hybridization led to the emergence of 107 wild potato species, with about 40% of genes showing parent-specific differentiation [15]. 3. Ecological niche expansion enabled potatoes to thrive in diverse environments, with cold tolerance genes closely resembling those of the close relative [15]. Group 4: Implications for Breeding and Evolution - The study challenges traditional views by demonstrating that hybridization is a key driver of innovation, directly creating new traits like tubers and facilitating evolutionary radiation [16]. - Insights into the genetic origins of tubers can inform the design of cold-resistant, high-yield potato varieties, potentially leading to the cultivation of "super potatoes" through simulated ancient hybridization [17]. - The research serves as a living textbook for evolution, illustrating that hybridization is not random but a strategic response to geological upheavals, acting as a shortcut for survival [18].

Core Insights - Researchers at Hebrew University in Jerusalem successfully "revived" two strains of plant pathogenic fungi collected approximately 80 years ago, providing important clues for understanding the long-term impact of modern agriculture on soil microbial ecology and supporting the development of more sustainable agricultural systems [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study focused on Botrytis cinerea, a globally prevalent plant pathogenic fungus that causes gray mold disease in over 200 crops, posing significant challenges to agricultural productivity, global food security, international trade, and environmental health [1] - The research team selected two strains of gray mold fungus from the 1940s, which naturally grew in agricultural systems before the widespread use of synthetic fertilizers and fungicides, considered as samples from the "pre-chemical intervention era" [1] - The revival involved advanced techniques such as whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and metabolome analysis, revealing significant differences between the old strains and modern strains, including weaker resistance to fungicides and lower pathogenicity [1][2] Group 2: Implications for Agriculture - The evolution of gray mold over approximately 80 years reflects the long-term impact of human agricultural activities on micro-ecosystems, allowing researchers to quantify the biological costs of human intervention [2] - The findings are expected to aid in improving plant disease management, biodiversity conservation, and advancing sustainable agricultural practices [2]

Group 1: Cotton and Astaxanthin Production - Cotton is not only an important raw material for textiles but also has potential in producing valuable astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant [1] - The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has developed engineered cotton that can synthesize astaxanthin using plant synthetic biology techniques [1] - Astaxanthin has applications in food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, enhancing the value of cotton from a single output to multifunctional high-value products [1] Group 2: Citrus and Diabetes Treatment - Citrus peels are being explored for their added value, with recent research indicating that components extracted from citrus can significantly enhance wound healing for diabetes patients, improving healing speed by 2.7 times [2] - The development of a natural hydrogel with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties addresses slow healing in diabetic wounds [2] Group 3: Peach Sweetness and Softening Genes - Researchers have identified the genetic basis for the sweetness of peaches and the genes responsible for fruit softening during ripening [3] - The discovery of the "slow-softening peach" gene could lead to the development of varieties that are longer-lasting, flavorful, and better suited for transport [3] Group 4: Advances in Livestock Genetics - The first single-cell transcriptome atlas of water buffalo has been constructed, providing valuable resources for functional genomics and molecular breeding in agricultural animals [3] - A new 50K breeding chip for Chinese Yellow Cattle has been developed, offering low-cost and high-accuracy selection for efficient breeding and conservation of local cattle breeds [3] Group 5: Agricultural Biotechnology Innovations - Recent agricultural research achievements include the release of a comprehensive soybean protein quantitative atlas and the establishment of a genotype database for tea tree varieties [4] - The integration of cutting-edge biotechnology in agriculture is expected to drive modernization and innovation in the sector [4]

Core Insights - The article discusses a significant achievement by a team from China Agricultural University, which introduces a new paradigm for sustainable agriculture by integrating the concept of "plant-soil feedback" into agricultural ecosystems [1][2] - The research emphasizes the need to address soil health, which has been neglected, leading to imbalances in soil ecosystems and threatening agricultural quality and green development [2] Group 1 - The study proposes a systematic approach to achieve high crop yields while maintaining soil health, offering innovative solutions for sustainable agricultural development [1] - The research is based on long-term practical observations and analyses of the limitations faced in agricultural green development, focusing on the interactions between plants, soil, and microorganisms [2] - The paper highlights the importance of developing soil health management techniques to enhance soil multifunctionality, reduce external dependencies, and promote green productivity [2] Group 2 - The research advocates for a balanced approach that considers beneficial organisms and pest control, integrating short-term production goals with long-term soil health [2] - The study is co-authored by experts from the Netherlands Royal Academy and the Canadian Royal Society, indicating international collaboration in agricultural research [2] - The research received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation and the National Key Research and Development Program, showcasing institutional support for agricultural innovation [2]

Core Viewpoint - The National Forestry and Grassland Administration and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences signed a strategic cooperation agreement focusing on key areas such as food security, ecological security, and biological safety [1] Group 1: Strategic Focus Areas - The cooperation will concentrate on major national strategies including the "Three Norths" project and rural revitalization [1] - The agreement emphasizes integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts [1] Group 2: Research and Development Initiatives - Both parties will support the establishment of forestry and grassland research platforms, leveraging resource advantages and technical strengths [1] - Core technology breakthroughs will be pursued in areas such as land greening, pest control, and seedling cultivation [1] Group 3: Talent Development and Mechanisms - There will be an increased focus on cultivating scientific and technological talent in grassland management, along with the establishment of a talent exchange mechanism [1] - The aim is to develop leading talents and innovative teams in grassland science and technology, providing them with more development opportunities [1] Group 4: Collaborative Framework - A regular consultation mechanism will be established under the strategic cooperation agreement to address major issues in grassland science and technology [1] - Joint efforts will be made to formulate significant policy and research lists, sharing technological innovation outcomes to support high-level protection and quality development of grasslands [1]