0:00 如果用一个字或一个词来总结即将结束的2025年，你会怎么选？每个人都会有自己的答案。 近段时间，多家机构纷纷公布年度字词、流行语等榜单。在这些榜单里的"高频"词语中，科技相关词语 占显著位置。从"深度求索"到"人形机器人"，再到"具身智能"，科技词汇不仅数量增多，而且从专业术 语变为大众日常用语，体现了技术创新对社会的全方位渗透。 前沿探索 1月20日，中国有"人造太阳"之称的全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置（EAST）在安徽合肥创造新世界纪 录，首次完成1亿摄氏度1000秒"高质量燃烧"，标志我国聚变能源研究实现从基础科学向工程实践的重 大跨越，对人类加快实现聚变发电具有重要意义。 EAST物理实验总负责人龚先祖表示，"这是一个标志性的成果，是我们从基础实验研究到工程实践的一 个重要的里程碑。" 这是2025年1月15日拍摄的全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置（EAST）。新华社记者 黄博涵 摄 8月26日，江门中微子实验（JUNO）正式运行取数，着手解决粒子物理学领域未来十年内的重大问题 之一：中微子质量排序。 江门中微子实验首席科学家王贻芳表示，中微子的来源是位于阳江和台山的两个核电站，它们在发电的 过 ...

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed its construction and released its first physical results, achieving a measurement precision of 1.5 to 1.8 times better than previous best results for two key solar neutrino oscillation parameters [1][2] Group 1: Scientific Significance of Neutrinos - Neutrinos, known as "ghost particles," can easily penetrate matter and carry ancient information about the universe's birth and evolution [2] - JUNO aims to determine the mass hierarchy of three types of neutrinos: electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos, which is a fundamental question in neutrino physics [2] - The observatory will also conduct precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters and cross-research on solar, terrestrial, supernova, atmospheric neutrinos, and proton decay [2] Group 2: Implications for Humanity - The study of neutrinos is linked to the origins of the universe and the conditions necessary for the existence of matter, as their mass influences the formation of galaxies and stars [3] - Understanding neutrinos is a pure exploration of natural laws, with potential long-term benefits that are currently unpredictable, similar to the early discoveries of electricity [3] Group 3: Importance of Precision in Measurements - Accurate measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters are crucial for addressing unresolved questions in physics, such as whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles [4] - Inaccurate measurements could lead to significant resource investments in new experiments over many years, while precise measurements could clarify many ambiguous physical concepts [5] - The recent results from JUNO highlight the importance of high-precision measurements in resolving discrepancies in neutrino oscillation parameters, which may indicate new physics beyond the standard model [5]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has officially begun data collection after completing the infusion of 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator, marking a significant milestone in neutrino research [1][3] - The initial data from JUNO indicates that its key performance metrics have met or exceeded design expectations, enabling the investigation of a major question in particle physics: the mass ordering of neutrinos [1][2] Group 1: Project Overview - JUNO is the first large-scale, high-precision neutrino detector in the world, designed to address fundamental questions about the nature of matter and the universe [1] - The project was proposed by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008, with construction starting in 2015 and completion of the detector's installation in December 2021 [3] Group 2: Technical Specifications - The core detector of JUNO has an effective mass of 20,000 tons and is located 700 meters underground, allowing it to detect neutrinos from nearby nuclear power plants with unprecedented precision [2][4] - The detector's design includes a 41.1-meter diameter stainless steel shell supporting a 35.4-meter diameter acrylic sphere filled with liquid scintillator, along with numerous photomultiplier tubes for detecting neutrino interactions [4] Group 3: Future Prospects - JUNO has a designed operational lifespan of 30 years and can be upgraded to become the world's most sensitive experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay, potentially providing insights into the absolute mass of neutrinos and their nature [4] - The successful operation of JUNO is expected to open new avenues for research in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, significantly enhancing the understanding of the universe [4]