2026 年的钟声刚刚敲响，在辞旧迎新的喜悦中，当我们盘点过去一年的科技突破，展望新一年的生活 图景时，一项被称为 "中微子伏特"(Neutrinovoltaic)的新型能源技术，正带着突破传统能源局限的希 望，走进公众的视野。它不像太阳能那样依赖阳光，不像风能那样受制于风速，更不像核能那样伴随安 全顾虑，而是能全天候、无差别地从环境中汲取能量 —— 这背后，是 "幽灵粒子" 中微子的神秘力量， 更是扎实严谨的科学理论与实验验证的支撑。 我们不妨一起揭开这项 "幽灵粒子" 驱动的能源技术的神秘面纱，看看它如何凭借扎实的科学原理，为 中国带来长远的发展优势，又如何在未来的日子里，悄悄改变我们的能源生活。 先搞懂：什么是中微子?—— 无处不在的 "能量信使" 要理解中微子伏特技术，首先得认识它的 "能量源头"—— 中微子。很多人可能会觉得 "中微子" 是个遥 远又神秘的词汇，但实际上，它是宇宙中最常见的粒子之一，每时每刻都在穿过我们的身体，却从未被 我们察觉。 中微子是标准模型中的基本粒子，有三个最关键的特点：质量极轻(约为电子质量的百万分之一)、不带 电荷、只参与弱相互作用。这三个特点让它拥有了 "穿透一切" ...

转自：北京日报客户端 中微子究竟是什么？电影里那些关于世界末日的猜想，到底有没有科学依据？地下700米深处，竟然藏 着一个13层楼高的"星空"？粒子物理的世界，充满了问号与惊叹号。通过小小的粒子去探索大大的宇 宙，本期《开讲啦》邀请到中国科学院高能物理研究所所长、江门中微子实验副发言人曹俊，他将带领 我们深入地底，近距离感受历经十余年建设完成、最近刚刚"新鲜出炉"了首个物理成果的国之重器—— 江门中微子实验。快来领略中国科学家在粒子世界探索未知的风采！ 权威澄清：电影里 "中微子导致世界末日"的假设不成立 中微子，是构成物质世界最基本的粒子之一，在宇宙中无处不在。曹俊说，我们每个人每秒钟就会产生 五千个中微子。但中微子最大的特点是"不带电"，且几乎不跟物质发生相互作用，因此极难被探测到。 很多人是从电影中第一次听说"中微子"的。曹俊在现场做了权威科普：电影中太阳中微子爆发导致地球 过热的剧情，在现实中不可能发生。这正是由中微子"几乎不与物质相互作用"的特性决定的。即便太阳 在1秒钟之内将其全部能量以中微子形式爆发，也无法加热地球。 "世界第一"是最好的广告 中微子还有一个神奇的特性：它能在飞行中自发地从一种类 ...

Group 1 - The article highlights ten significant space discoveries in 2025, including gravitational wave echoes from deep space and extreme high-energy particles traversing the Milky Way [3] - The discoveries address long-standing scientific questions and challenge existing assumptions about the fundamental laws of the universe [3] - Key findings include clues to life's building blocks in asteroid samples, the detection of interstellar comets, and the first observation of coronal mass ejections beyond the Sun [3][5][10] Group 2 - The asteroid Bennu, approximately 525 meters in diameter and 320 million kilometers from Earth, yielded samples containing various salts, ribose, glucose, and organic materials, suggesting that the building blocks of life may originate from space [5] - The comet 3I/ATLAS, entering the solar system at a speed of about 152,000 miles per hour, is the third confirmed interstellar object, with ongoing observations to determine its size and physical properties [7] - The first direct observation of coronal mass ejections from an M dwarf star was achieved, marking a significant milestone in understanding solar phenomena [10] Group 3 - A report identified five known microquasars in the Milky Way as sources of high-energy cosmic rays, confirming the existence of natural "particle engines" [13] - An extreme black hole merger event was reported, creating a new black hole with a mass of approximately 225 solar masses, challenging existing theories about black hole mass ranges [16] - The LIGO observatory captured the clearest gravitational wave signal to date, validating Stephen Hawking's area theorem with a confidence level of 99.999% [19] Group 4 - The KM3NeT detector in the Mediterranean reported the detection of a neutrino with an energy of 220 PeV, setting a new record for neutrino energy [22] - Astronomers measured the distribution of ordinary baryonic matter in the universe, revealing that over three-quarters of it is hidden in diffuse gas between galaxies, addressing the "missing baryon problem" [25] - Recent findings suggest that dark energy, previously thought to be constant, may be weakening, which could necessitate significant revisions to the cosmological standard model [26][27] Group 5 - New-generation telescopes, including the Euclid space telescope and Vera C. Rubin Observatory, have released unprecedented cosmic data, paving the way for a new era of understanding in areas such as asteroid and galaxy evolution, dark matter, and dark energy [30]

图①：江门中微子实验探测器。 刘悦湘摄（新华社发） 图②：江门中微子实验探测到的一个反应堆中微子事例示意图。 JUNO 合作组供图（新华社发） 图③：工作人员在纯水间监测超纯水处理情况。 新华社记者 金立旺摄 刘悦湘摄（新华社发） 网友：我关注到中国科学院高能物理研究所刚发布的一则消息：江门中微子实验装置正式建设成功，同 时发布首个物理成果。中微子到底是什么？探索中微子很重要吗？ 编辑：江门中微子实验（JUNO）是我国新一代中微子实验装置，是探索"幽灵粒子"——中微子的关键 设施，有助于解释宇宙演化的奥秘。本期"院士讲科普"，我们邀请中国科学院院士、江门中微子实验项 目经理王贻芳，为我们揭示这项大国重器背后的科学密码。 11月19日，中国科学院高能物理研究所副所长、江门中微子实验合作组物理分析负责人温良剑报告了江 门中微子实验的首个物理成果。通过对59天有效数据的分析，江门中微子实验合作组测量了被称为"太 阳中微子振荡参数"的混合角θ12及其相关的质量参数，比此前实验的最高精度提高了1.5到1.8倍。 据介绍，这两个振荡参数最初是通过太阳中微子所测定，但也可以通过反应堆中微子精确测定。此前这 两种方法对质量平 ...

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed its construction and released its first scientific results, marking a significant advancement in neutrino research [3][4][6] - The experiment aims to explore the properties of neutrinos, particularly their mass hierarchy, which is crucial for understanding the universe's evolution and the mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry [4][5][8] Summary by Sections Experiment Overview - JUNO is a next-generation neutrino experiment designed to study "ghost particles" known as neutrinos, which are fundamental to understanding cosmic evolution [3][4] - The facility is located 700 meters underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong, and features a large detector with a diameter of 35.4 meters, containing 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator, making it 20 times larger than similar international facilities [8][9] Scientific Achievements - The first physical results from JUNO, reported after analyzing 59 days of effective data, have improved the measurement precision of the solar neutrino oscillation parameters by 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to previous experiments [3][6] - The experiment confirmed the "solar neutrino anomaly," suggesting the existence of new physics beyond current understanding [3][4] Historical Context - The success of JUNO builds on the foundation laid by the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment, which was pivotal in measuring the mixing parameter θ13 and achieving the highest precision in neutrino measurements before JUNO [6][7] - The Daya Bay experiment, initiated in 2006, led to significant breakthroughs in neutrino oscillation studies, paving the way for the current JUNO project [6][7] Future Prospects - JUNO's design life is projected to be 30 years, with expectations to expand its research scope beyond mass hierarchy to include solar and terrestrial neutrinos, and potentially detect neutrinos from supernovae [9] - The project involves over 700 researchers from 17 countries and aims to produce significant scientific breakthroughs and train the next generation of physicists [9]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed its construction and released its first physical results, achieving a measurement precision of 1.5 to 1.8 times better than previous best results for two key solar neutrino oscillation parameters [1][5] Group 1: Scientific Objectives - JUNO aims to determine the mass ordering of three types of neutrinos: electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos, which is a fundamental question in neutrino physics [2] - The observatory will also conduct precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters and cross-research on solar neutrinos, terrestrial neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, and proton decay [2] Group 2: Significance for Humanity - Neutrinos are linked to the origins of the universe and play a crucial role in the formation of galaxies and life, as their slight mass allows for the preservation of density fluctuations from the early universe [3] - The exploration of neutrinos represents a pure pursuit of natural laws, with potential long-term implications that are currently unpredictable, similar to the early discoveries of electricity [3] Group 3: Importance of Precision Measurement - Accurate measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters is essential for addressing unresolved questions in physics, such as whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles, which impacts our understanding of existence in the universe [4] - The recent results from JUNO highlight the importance of high-precision measurements to clarify discrepancies in previous data, which could indicate new physics beyond the standard model [5]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment has released its first major scientific results, confirming the existence of the "solar neutrino anomaly" with improved measurement precision of 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to previous international experiments [1][8] - The experiment, located 700 meters underground, aims to unravel the mysteries of neutrinos, which are fundamental particles that can easily pass through matter, including the Earth [3][4] Group 1: Experiment Overview - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment is a significant scientific facility that has been operational for only two months and has already made a notable breakthrough [3] - The experiment utilizes a 20,000-ton liquid scintillator and 45,000 high-precision detectors to accurately record neutrino identity changes from a nuclear power plant located 53 kilometers away [6] Group 2: Scientific Significance - The successful identification of neutrino transformation parameters provides a new tool for understanding solar neutrinos, potentially leading to insights about the internal structure of the Sun and the existence of unknown particles [8][10] - The findings suggest that there may be inconsistencies in the understanding of neutrino behavior from solar and nuclear sources, indicating either gaps in knowledge about the Sun or deeper secrets of neutrinos themselves [4][8]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment has achieved significant advancements in measuring neutrino oscillation parameters, improving precision by 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to previous experiments [3][5][6] - This experiment is crucial for understanding the mass hierarchy of neutrinos, which are fundamental particles that play a key role in the evolution of the universe [5][6] Group 1: Experiment Overview - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment is located 700 meters underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong, and has been operational for two months, yielding promising results [3][4] - The experiment's core detector consists of a giant acrylic sphere containing 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator, making it the largest of its kind globally, enhancing detection capabilities significantly [6][7] Group 2: Scientific Significance - The experiment aims to capture elusive neutrinos, often referred to as "ghost particles," which are challenging to detect due to their extremely small mass and minimal interaction with matter [5][6] - The project is expected to contribute to groundbreaking scientific discoveries and foster collaboration with global scientists to produce impactful research outcomes [7]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed its construction and released its first physical results, achieving a measurement precision of 1.5 to 1.8 times better than previous best results for two key solar neutrino oscillation parameters [2][3] Group 1: Scientific Objectives - JUNO aims to determine the mass ordering of three types of neutrinos: electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos, which is a fundamental question in neutrino physics [3] - The observatory will also conduct precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters and cross-research on solar neutrinos, terrestrial neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, and proton decay [3] Group 2: Significance for Humanity - Neutrinos are linked to the origins of the universe and play a crucial role in determining the conditions necessary for the existence of matter [4][5] - The study of neutrinos is a pure exploration of natural laws, with potential long-term value that is currently unpredictable, similar to the early days of electricity [5] Group 3: Importance of Precision Measurement - Accurate measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters are essential for addressing fundamental mysteries in physics, such as whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles [6] - The recent results from JUNO significantly improve the measurement precision of solar neutrino oscillation parameters, which may clarify discrepancies in previous measurements and could indicate new physics [6]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed its construction and released its first physical results, achieving a measurement precision of 1.5 to 1.8 times better than previous best results for two key solar neutrino oscillation parameters [1][2] Group 1: Scientific Significance of Neutrinos - Neutrinos, known as "ghost particles," can easily penetrate matter and carry ancient information about the universe's birth and evolution [2] - JUNO aims to determine the mass hierarchy of three types of neutrinos: electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos, which is a fundamental question in neutrino physics [2] - The observatory will also conduct precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters and cross-research on solar, terrestrial, supernova, atmospheric neutrinos, and proton decay [2] Group 2: Implications for Humanity - The study of neutrinos is linked to the origins of the universe and the conditions necessary for the existence of matter, as their mass influences the formation of galaxies and stars [3] - Understanding neutrinos is a pure exploration of natural laws, with potential long-term benefits that are currently unpredictable, similar to the early discoveries of electricity [3] Group 3: Importance of Precision in Measurements - Accurate measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters are crucial for addressing unresolved questions in physics, such as whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles [4] - Inaccurate measurements could lead to significant resource investments in new experiments over many years, while precise measurements could clarify many ambiguous physical concepts [5] - The recent results from JUNO highlight the importance of high-precision measurements in resolving discrepancies in neutrino oscillation parameters, which may indicate new physics beyond the standard model [5]