以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者欢迎订阅 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 生酮饮食近年风靡全球，其"高脂不增重"的特性吸引无数减重人士尝试。这种不必"避雷"脂肪却能瘦身的饮食方案，究竟魔力何在？ 传统观点认为，生酮饮食主要通过诱导体内酮体产生，促使身体转向消耗脂肪作为能量来源。然而，科学家们发现其减重机制远不止于此， 如某些研究表明生酮饮食能显著提升能量消耗率。 复旦大学人类表型组研究院洪尚宇、郑琰团队最新研究成果在《自然·代谢》发表，揭示了生酮饮食减重的全新机制。研究发现，生酮饮食 会改变特定肠道菌群丰度，降低其产生的胆盐水解酶(BSH)水平，从而导致小鼠血液中牛磺脱氧胆酸(TDCA)和牛磺熊脱氧胆酸(TUDCA)显 著升高。这两种物质能抑制肠道碳酸酐酶1表达，直接阻断卡路里吸收过程。 这一发现在涵盖四百余人的临床观察研究中得到验证，研究者认为TDCA和TUDCA有望成为治疗肥胖及其并发症的潜在药物靶点。 进一步分析确定，在变化 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising popularity of ketogenic diets and presents new research findings that reveal the mechanisms behind weight loss associated with this diet, particularly focusing on the role of specific bile acids and gut microbiota [5][15]. Group 1: Mechanisms of Ketogenic Diet - Ketogenic diets induce the production of ketone bodies, prompting the body to utilize fat as an energy source, but recent studies indicate that the weight loss mechanisms are more complex [5]. - Research from Fudan University shows that ketogenic diets alter gut microbiota composition, leading to decreased levels of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), which results in increased levels of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and taurocholic acid (TUDCA) in the bloodstream [5][6]. - TDCA and TUDCA inhibit the expression of intestinal carbonic anhydrase 1, directly blocking calorie absorption [5][12]. Group 2: Clinical Observations and Findings - A clinical study involving over 400 participants confirmed the findings, suggesting that TDCA and TUDCA could serve as potential drug targets for treating obesity and its complications [6]. - In a 7-week study on mice fed a high-fat ketogenic diet (75.1% fat), significant reductions in body weight and fasting blood glucose were observed, alongside an increase in 22 metabolites, including six bile acids [9]. - The study also indicated that the presence of certain bile acids, particularly TDCA and TUDCA, plays a crucial role in the weight loss effects of the ketogenic diet [9][14]. Group 3: Gut Microbiota and Weight Loss - Analysis of the gut environment in mice revealed that the levels of TDCA and TUDCA are closely related to gut microbiota changes, with specific strains like Lactobacillus murinus ASF361 significantly impacting body weight and blood glucose levels [11][12]. - The study found that L. murinus ASF361 reduces serum levels of TDCA and TUDCA by metabolizing them into other bile acids, which suggests a complex interaction between diet, gut bacteria, and metabolic outcomes [12]. Group 4: Human Study Correlation - Data from 416 healthy participants indicated a correlation between low plasma levels of TDCA and TUDCA with high BMI and fasting blood glucose levels [14]. - Participants in a 12-week ketogenic diet study lost an average of 5.27 kg, with significant increases in plasma TDCA and TUDCA levels, aligning with findings from mouse experiments [14].