Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the health risks associated with low carbohydrate diets, particularly the negative effects of insufficient carbohydrate intake on overall health and well-being [3][4][5][7][10]. Group 1: Health Risks of Low Carbohydrate Diets - Insufficient carbohydrate intake can lead to low blood sugar, metabolic dysfunction, and excessive protein consumption, negatively impacting various bodily functions [3]. - A study from March 2023 indicates that ketogenic diets can double the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes [4]. - Participants who consume little to no staple foods have a twofold increased risk of cardiovascular diseases compared to those on regular diets [5]. Group 2: Long-term Consequences - A comprehensive study published in 2018 suggests that inadequate carbohydrate consumption may shorten lifespan, with both very low and very high carbohydrate intake associated with increased mortality risk [7]. - Regularly avoiding staple foods can impair memory and cognitive functions due to insufficient energy supply to the brain [9]. - Long-term lack of staple foods can lead to nutritional deficiencies, emotional instability, and various physical side effects such as bad breath, hair loss, and muscle loss [10][11]. Group 3: Dietary Recommendations - To effectively manage weight, it is essential to control total caloric intake while ensuring a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates [12]. - Recommended staple foods include whole grains and root vegetables, which provide satiety without high glycemic indices [14]. - According to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines, daily intake of grain foods should be 200-300 grams, including 50-150 grams of whole grains and legumes, and 50-100 grams of root vegetables [17].

以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者欢迎订阅 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 生酮饮食近年风靡全球，其"高脂不增重"的特性吸引无数减重人士尝试。这种不必"避雷"脂肪却能瘦身的饮食方案，究竟魔力何在？ 传统观点认为，生酮饮食主要通过诱导体内酮体产生，促使身体转向消耗脂肪作为能量来源。然而，科学家们发现其减重机制远不止于此， 如某些研究表明生酮饮食能显著提升能量消耗率。 复旦大学人类表型组研究院洪尚宇、郑琰团队最新研究成果在《自然·代谢》发表，揭示了生酮饮食减重的全新机制。研究发现，生酮饮食 会改变特定肠道菌群丰度，降低其产生的胆盐水解酶(BSH)水平，从而导致小鼠血液中牛磺脱氧胆酸(TDCA)和牛磺熊脱氧胆酸(TUDCA)显 著升高。这两种物质能抑制肠道碳酸酐酶1表达，直接阻断卡路里吸收过程。 这一发现在涵盖四百余人的临床观察研究中得到验证，研究者认为TDCA和TUDCA有望成为治疗肥胖及其并发症的潜在药物靶点。 进一步分析确定，在变化 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising popularity of ketogenic diets and presents new research findings that reveal the mechanisms behind weight loss associated with this diet, particularly focusing on the role of specific bile acids and gut microbiota [5][15]. Group 1: Mechanisms of Ketogenic Diet - Ketogenic diets induce the production of ketone bodies, prompting the body to utilize fat as an energy source, but recent studies indicate that the weight loss mechanisms are more complex [5]. - Research from Fudan University shows that ketogenic diets alter gut microbiota composition, leading to decreased levels of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), which results in increased levels of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and taurocholic acid (TUDCA) in the bloodstream [5][6]. - TDCA and TUDCA inhibit the expression of intestinal carbonic anhydrase 1, directly blocking calorie absorption [5][12]. Group 2: Clinical Observations and Findings - A clinical study involving over 400 participants confirmed the findings, suggesting that TDCA and TUDCA could serve as potential drug targets for treating obesity and its complications [6]. - In a 7-week study on mice fed a high-fat ketogenic diet (75.1% fat), significant reductions in body weight and fasting blood glucose were observed, alongside an increase in 22 metabolites, including six bile acids [9]. - The study also indicated that the presence of certain bile acids, particularly TDCA and TUDCA, plays a crucial role in the weight loss effects of the ketogenic diet [9][14]. Group 3: Gut Microbiota and Weight Loss - Analysis of the gut environment in mice revealed that the levels of TDCA and TUDCA are closely related to gut microbiota changes, with specific strains like Lactobacillus murinus ASF361 significantly impacting body weight and blood glucose levels [11][12]. - The study found that L. murinus ASF361 reduces serum levels of TDCA and TUDCA by metabolizing them into other bile acids, which suggests a complex interaction between diet, gut bacteria, and metabolic outcomes [12]. Group 4: Human Study Correlation - Data from 416 healthy participants indicated a correlation between low plasma levels of TDCA and TUDCA with high BMI and fasting blood glucose levels [14]. - Participants in a 12-week ketogenic diet study lost an average of 5.27 kg, with significant increases in plasma TDCA and TUDCA levels, aligning with findings from mouse experiments [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the increasing importance of fitness in modern Chinese society, highlighting a shift in values where physical health and fitness are prioritized over traditional luxury goods [8][10]. Group 1: Fitness Trends in China - As of the end of 2022, China has become the country with the largest number of fitness enthusiasts, with 374 million people engaging in exercise at least twice a week [10]. - The rise in fitness participation is partly driven by the growing obesity challenge in China, with 402 million overweight or obese individuals aged 25 and above as of 2021, the highest globally [10]. - The national health authorities have begun to emphasize weight management, indicating that obesity-related healthcare costs could exceed 400 billion yuan in five years [10]. Group 2: Evolving Fitness Culture - Fitness activities are diversifying beyond traditional gym workouts, with urban professionals engaging in yoga and other forms of exercise during breaks [11]. - New fitness trends, such as CrossFit and animal flow training, are gaining popularity, influenced by social media and fitness influencers [11]. - Dietary habits among fitness enthusiasts are also evolving, with a focus on high-protein, low-carb diets and various meal plans becoming integral to their fitness routines [12]. Group 3: Psychological Aspects of Fitness - There is a growing anxiety surrounding fitness, where individuals feel pressured to maintain strict workout regimens and dietary restrictions, leading to a phenomenon termed "fitness anxiety" [14]. - The fitness industry is characterized by a paradox where the pursuit of health can lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as overtraining and reliance on supplements [21][22]. Group 4: Industry Growth and Economic Impact - The sports industry in China is projected to reach a total scale of 3.67 trillion yuan in 2023, with expectations to grow to 5 trillion yuan by 2025, indicating fitness has become a survival necessity [26]. - The article suggests that while fitness is marketed as a path to freedom and self-discipline, it may also impose new constraints on individuals, reflecting a complex relationship with health and wellness [26].

Core Viewpoint - The ketogenic diet, while popular for weight loss and blood sugar control, may accelerate aging and pose health risks, including cancer metastasis and cardiovascular issues [2][4][5][7]. Group 1: Ketogenic Diet Overview - The ketogenic diet is characterized by very low carbohydrate intake, focusing on meat and high-fat foods to induce ketosis for energy [3]. - Originally developed in the 1920s for treating drug-resistant epilepsy, it has gained popularity for weight loss in recent years [4]. Group 2: Health Risks Associated with Ketogenic Diet - Research indicates that the ketogenic diet can lead to cellular aging, as evidenced by studies on mice showing accelerated aging in multiple organs after 21 days on the diet [4]. - A study on mice with breast cancer revealed that those on a ketogenic diet had significantly increased lung metastases, suggesting a link between the diet and cancer progression [6]. Group 3: Alternative Healthy Eating Patterns - The "Oriental Healthy Diet Model" is recommended as a healthier alternative for weight loss, emphasizing a diverse and light diet rich in vegetables, fruits, seafood, dairy, and legumes [8]. - Suggestions include increasing whole grains and reducing refined grains, with a daily intake of 200-300 grams of grains, including 50-150 grams of whole grains [9]. Group 4: Nutritional Recommendations - It is advised to consume 300-500 grams of vegetables and 200-350 grams of fruits daily, ensuring a variety of types [13]. - Daily intake of dairy should be 300-500 grams, along with approximately 35 grams of soy and nuts [14]. - Cooking methods should involve less salt and oil, with a daily limit of 5 grams of salt and 25 grams of oil, favoring steaming and boiling over frying [15].