Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the dual challenges of "rule fragmentation" and "green protectionism" facing global green trade, and proposes a comprehensive set of policy recommendations to establish a more inclusive, collaborative, and effective global governance system for green trade [1] Group 1: Challenges in Global Green Trade - The report identifies increasing invisible barriers in global green trade, with tariff peaks for environmental products reaching as high as 35%, alongside complex certifications and discriminatory standards creating substantial technical trade barriers [1] - The lack of a unified international standard akin to HS coding is cited as the biggest challenge, leading to increased trade costs and hindering the circular economy [2] Group 2: Policy Recommendations - The report proposes five key policy recommendations, including the need for the international community to work together to restart negotiations on the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) within the WTO, expand the product list, and establish mechanisms for differential treatment and mutual recognition of green standards [2] - It suggests that countries should design domestic policy support systems tailored to their national conditions, enhancing fiscal support, improving green finance systems, and establishing platforms to promote green trade [2] - The report emphasizes the importance of strengthening North-South and South-South cooperation to facilitate green technology transfer and experience sharing, leveraging international organizations for coordination [2] Group 3: Digital Technology and Unified Coding - The report advocates for the integration of digital technology to empower green trade, proposing the development of digital green trade platforms and the use of blockchain for product traceability [2] - It suggests that China should take the lead in establishing a "China Green Trade Statistical Classification Reference Standard" to align with international standards, and promote mutual recognition of standards in key industries like photovoltaics and new energy vehicles [3] - The report envisions a promising future for green trade as global consensus and technological advancements grow, with China playing a significant role in promoting global green trade liberalization through reforms and openness [3]

Group 1 - The EU has established a legally binding target to reduce greenhouse gas net emissions by 90% by 2040, including 85% domestic reductions and up to 5% from international carbon credits [1][4] - The new Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets set by the EU aim for a reduction of net emissions by 66.25% to 72.5% from 1990 levels by 2035 [1][4] - The EU's decision comes ahead of the COP30 conference, marking a significant milestone in its climate policy [5] Group 2 - The EU's internal decision-making process has been complex, influenced by geopolitical issues, but there is a strong commitment to environmental concerns [6] - The EU Council has introduced measures allowing member states to purchase international carbon credits to meet up to 5% of their reduction targets starting in 2036 [6] - In 2024, the EU and its member states plan to contribute €31.7 billion towards climate financing for developing countries, alongside an additional €11 billion from private sources [6] Group 3 - The global clean energy sector is experiencing significant cost reductions, with solar project costs dropping by 41% and onshore wind costs being 53% lower than fossil fuel generation from 2010 to 2024 [7] - The sustainable cooling market is valued at $600 billion, with potential earnings of $8 trillion for developing countries by 2050 [7] - However, tariffs and standards remain obstacles, with average tariffs on solar and wind components in developed economies at 1.9% and as high as 7.1% in Africa [7]