《巴黎协定》的确为全球气候治理带来了极大改善。巴西当地时间11月18日，正在巴西举行的《联 合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）出具了一份主席国磋商草案，指出十年前 研究机构预测全球气温将升高超过4°C，但在全面实施"国家自主贡献"情况下，如今升温范围已降至 1.9-2.6°C，这意味着《巴黎协定》成功改变了升温曲线，将世界从气候灾难的边缘拉回。 但不得不承认的一点是，从这一届气候大会上，我们看到了全球气候治理陷入动力不足的困境。特朗 普的频繁退群与欧洲的犹疑是这一困境后不可忽视的因素。 "特朗普的回归，恰逢国际气候合作的一个困难时刻。按照既定节奏，各国应在今年提交新的一轮 NDC，在其中明确面向2035年的气候行动计划。这是COP30周期内最重要的工作之一，"绿色和平东 亚分部全球政策顾问姚喆告诉虎嗅：" 但即使巴西总统多次亲自出面动员，今年各国的提交进度仍然 滞后， 目前仍有近半数的国家没有提交，而一贯在气候议题上起带头作用的欧盟，这次也拖到最后 一刻才形成共识。" 地缘政治分裂、经济前景不确定、气候资金短缺、现有行动与目标差距巨大，在这些问题共同存在的 背景下，这次COP30要讨论什么 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the dual challenges of "rule fragmentation" and "green protectionism" facing global green trade, and proposes a comprehensive set of policy recommendations to establish a more inclusive, collaborative, and effective global governance system for green trade [1] Group 1: Challenges in Global Green Trade - The report identifies increasing invisible barriers in global green trade, with tariff peaks for environmental products reaching as high as 35%, alongside complex certifications and discriminatory standards creating substantial technical trade barriers [1] - The lack of a unified international standard akin to HS coding is cited as the biggest challenge, leading to increased trade costs and hindering the circular economy [2] Group 2: Policy Recommendations - The report proposes five key policy recommendations, including the need for the international community to work together to restart negotiations on the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) within the WTO, expand the product list, and establish mechanisms for differential treatment and mutual recognition of green standards [2] - It suggests that countries should design domestic policy support systems tailored to their national conditions, enhancing fiscal support, improving green finance systems, and establishing platforms to promote green trade [2] - The report emphasizes the importance of strengthening North-South and South-South cooperation to facilitate green technology transfer and experience sharing, leveraging international organizations for coordination [2] Group 3: Digital Technology and Unified Coding - The report advocates for the integration of digital technology to empower green trade, proposing the development of digital green trade platforms and the use of blockchain for product traceability [2] - It suggests that China should take the lead in establishing a "China Green Trade Statistical Classification Reference Standard" to align with international standards, and promote mutual recognition of standards in key industries like photovoltaics and new energy vehicles [3] - The report envisions a promising future for green trade as global consensus and technological advancements grow, with China playing a significant role in promoting global green trade liberalization through reforms and openness [3]

Core Viewpoint - The eighth Hongqiao International Economic Forum emphasizes the need to oppose unilateralism and "green protectionism," advocating for a collaborative and fair global governance framework to facilitate the free flow of global green trade [1][2]. Group 1: Forum Highlights - The forum's main theme is "Breaking Walls, Setting Standards, Empowering," focusing on the urgent need to address climate change while recognizing the significant market potential of green industries [1]. - There is a contradiction between the urgent demand for green trade and the rise of fragmented green standards and carbon tariffs, which create new trade barriers [1]. Group 2: Key Statements - Wang Huiyao, founder of the Center for China and Globalization, stated that the green revolution is becoming a global consensus, reshaping the global industrial and technological landscape towards sustainability [2]. - Pascal Lamy, former Director-General of the WTO, emphasized that green trade should be integrated into a balanced framework of trade, environment, and development, advocating for future trade agreements to include clean development and fair cooperation [2]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations - The Globalization Think Tank released a report proposing five policy recommendations, including the acceleration of an inclusive multilateral trade framework and the optimization of domestic policy support systems [3]. - The report also suggests strengthening international cooperation, leveraging digital technology for green trade, and establishing a global unified coding system as part of the "China solution" [3].

Core Viewpoint - The global green transition is irreversible, and there is a need to oppose unilateralism and "green protectionism" while promoting a collaborative and fair global governance framework to facilitate the free flow of green trade [1][2]. Group 1: Challenges in Global Green Trade - The urgency of addressing climate change and the significant market potential of green industries are driving strong trade demand, but fragmented green standards and unilateral measures like carbon tariffs are creating new trade barriers [1][2]. - Trade protectionism is identified as the biggest obstacle to green development, with the fragmentation of global green trade rules raising concerns about increased trade costs and uncertainties [3][4]. Group 2: International Cooperation and Standards - There is a consensus that countries lack sufficient agreement and clarity on rules regarding green transition and international cooperation, necessitating the sharing of China's green development experience and technology globally [2][4]. - The establishment of a collaborative governance mechanism involving governments, enterprises, and international organizations is essential to address the challenges posed by fragmented rules [5]. Group 3: Corporate Initiatives and Innovations - Multinational companies emphasize that technological innovation and collaboration across the entire industry chain are fundamental to breaking down barriers and achieving green development [5][6]. - Companies like BMW and Cargill are actively working on creating transparent green rules and standards, with Cargill focusing on sustainable agricultural practices and BMW advocating for comprehensive carbon footprint assessments [5][6]. - Chinese private enterprises are also taking significant steps in promoting green practices abroad, such as replacing fuel vehicles with electric ones in Africa and supporting local supply chains [6].