Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising trend of malaria and other vector-borne diseases globally, emphasizing the need for "zero malaria" countries, including China, to rethink public health strategies to prevent reintroduction and transmission of these diseases after achieving elimination [3][4]. Summary by Sections Global Malaria Trends - The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that China is expected to see nearly 3,000 imported malaria cases in 2024, more than tripling in two years, despite being certified as malaria-free less than five years ago [3][4]. - The increase in vector-borne diseases (VBDs) is attributed to rising drug resistance, declining effectiveness of diagnostic and prevention tools, increased global mobility, climate change, and reduced health funding [3][4]. Importance of Monitoring and Response - WHO and public health scholars stress the importance of maintaining sensitive monitoring and response systems in countries with high health resources to prevent local transmission from imported cases [4]. - Continuous investment in innovative research and international cooperation is essential to strengthen disease monitoring and risk prevention from the source [4]. Burden of Vector-Borne Diseases in China - According to the Chinese CDC, from 2005 to 2024, China reported over 1.12 million cases of vector-borne diseases, with scrub typhus and malaria each accounting for over 20% of cases [6]. - The burden of VBDs in China has been increasing over the past five years, necessitating enhanced monitoring to prevent outbreaks of newly emerging and non-notifiable infectious diseases [6][7]. Role of Grassroots Monitoring - Grassroots healthcare plays a crucial role in the early detection of infectious diseases, as demonstrated by a community health service doctor in Guangdong who identified a case of chikungunya [7]. - The application of AI technology in monitoring mosquito populations and analyzing risk distribution has shown promise in enhancing disease prevention efforts in China [7]. Challenges in Active Case Detection - Despite progress in monitoring, there are still gaps in China's overall control of vector-borne diseases, particularly in the active detection of imported cases [9]. - The number of imported malaria cases rose from 819 in 2022 to 2,781 in 2024, highlighting the need for improved detection capabilities [9][10]. Healthcare System Preparedness - Many imported malaria cases are among migrant workers returning from high-incidence areas, raising concerns about the healthcare system's ability to manage severe cases [10]. - Studies indicate that a significant percentage of patients delay seeking treatment, with some waiting over three days, which poses a risk for disease transmission [10][11]. Addressing New and Re-emerging Vector-Borne Diseases - Globalization, climate change, and urbanization are altering the habitats of disease vectors, increasing the risk of new and re-emerging infectious diseases [14]. - The WHO's 2025 report indicates a rise in global malaria incidence and mortality, with approximately 282 million cases expected in 2024, an increase of about 9 million from 2023 [14]. Recommendations for Future Action - Countries like China need to enhance disease monitoring and response capabilities while also focusing on international cooperation to address the challenges posed by vector-borne diseases [15]. - Comprehensive vector management and sustainable disease control measures are essential to effectively reduce the risk of VBDs [15].