Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising trend of malaria and other vector-borne diseases globally, emphasizing the need for "zero malaria" countries, including China, to rethink public health strategies to prevent reintroduction and transmission of these diseases after achieving elimination [3][4]. Summary by Sections Global Malaria Trends - The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that China is expected to see nearly 3,000 imported malaria cases in 2024, more than tripling in two years, despite being certified as malaria-free less than five years ago [3][4]. - The increase in vector-borne diseases (VBDs) is attributed to rising drug resistance, declining effectiveness of diagnostic and prevention tools, increased global mobility, climate change, and reduced health funding [3][4]. Importance of Monitoring and Response - WHO and public health scholars stress the importance of maintaining sensitive monitoring and response systems in countries with high health resources to prevent local transmission from imported cases [4]. - Continuous investment in innovative research and international cooperation is essential to strengthen disease monitoring and risk prevention from the source [4]. Burden of Vector-Borne Diseases in China - According to the Chinese CDC, from 2005 to 2024, China reported over 1.12 million cases of vector-borne diseases, with scrub typhus and malaria each accounting for over 20% of cases [6]. - The burden of VBDs in China has been increasing over the past five years, necessitating enhanced monitoring to prevent outbreaks of newly emerging and non-notifiable infectious diseases [6][7]. Role of Grassroots Monitoring - Grassroots healthcare plays a crucial role in the early detection of infectious diseases, as demonstrated by a community health service doctor in Guangdong who identified a case of chikungunya [7]. - The application of AI technology in monitoring mosquito populations and analyzing risk distribution has shown promise in enhancing disease prevention efforts in China [7]. Challenges in Active Case Detection - Despite progress in monitoring, there are still gaps in China's overall control of vector-borne diseases, particularly in the active detection of imported cases [9]. - The number of imported malaria cases rose from 819 in 2022 to 2,781 in 2024, highlighting the need for improved detection capabilities [9][10]. Healthcare System Preparedness - Many imported malaria cases are among migrant workers returning from high-incidence areas, raising concerns about the healthcare system's ability to manage severe cases [10]. - Studies indicate that a significant percentage of patients delay seeking treatment, with some waiting over three days, which poses a risk for disease transmission [10][11]. Addressing New and Re-emerging Vector-Borne Diseases - Globalization, climate change, and urbanization are altering the habitats of disease vectors, increasing the risk of new and re-emerging infectious diseases [14]. - The WHO's 2025 report indicates a rise in global malaria incidence and mortality, with approximately 282 million cases expected in 2024, an increase of about 9 million from 2023 [14]. Recommendations for Future Action - Countries like China need to enhance disease monitoring and response capabilities while also focusing on international cooperation to address the challenges posed by vector-borne diseases [15]. - Comprehensive vector management and sustainable disease control measures are essential to effectively reduce the risk of VBDs [15].

Group 1 - The article highlights the increase in domestic and outbound travel during the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays, leading to a rise in the risk of various infectious diseases [1][2] - The National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau has issued health protection tips, emphasizing the importance of preventing infections such as Norovirus, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, Cholera, COVID-19, Monkeypox, and food poisoning during travel [1][2] - The peak season for Norovirus infections is from October to March, with transmission primarily through contaminated food and water, as well as contact with infected individuals [1] Group 2 - Cholera is a waterborne infectious disease characterized by severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to rapid dehydration, and prevention measures include maintaining food and water hygiene [2] - COVID-19 symptoms include dry throat, cough, and fever, with higher risks of severe cases in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals; preventive measures focus on good hygiene practices and balanced nutrition [2] - Monkeypox is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, and prevention involves maintaining good hygiene and avoiding close contact with suspected cases [2] Group 3 - The risk of food poisoning increases during holidays due to more dining out; it is advised to choose restaurants with proper hygiene and certifications [3] - Home cooking should prioritize cleanliness, handwashing, and separating raw and cooked foods to prevent contamination [3] - Consumption of unknown wild mushrooms and vegetables is discouraged to avoid foodborne illnesses [3]

Core Insights - The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported a record high of local transmission events of Chikungunya virus in Europe this year, with 27 cases reported as of August 13 [1][2] - The number of West Nile virus infections in Europe has reached its highest level in three years, with 335 reported cases and 19 deaths across eight countries [1][2] - Climate change is identified as a significant factor contributing to the increased spread of mosquito-borne diseases, leading to a longer transmission season and broader geographic range [4][5] Summary by Category Chikungunya Virus - A total of 27 local transmission events of Chikungunya virus have been recorded in Europe this year, marking a new high [1] - France reported 111 cases, while Italy reported 7 cases, with no deaths recorded [1] West Nile Virus - The ECDC noted that the number of West Nile virus infections is the highest in three years, with 335 cases reported and 19 deaths [1][2] - Italy has the most severe situation with 274 reported cases [1] Geographic Spread and Climate Impact - The range of the Asian tiger mosquito, which transmits Chikungunya virus, has expanded from 114 areas a decade ago to 369 areas currently [2] - The ECDC highlighted that the transmission risk is spreading to more northern regions, as evidenced by the first reported local case in Alsace, France [2] - Climate and environmental factors, such as rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, are driving the increased intensity and duration of mosquito-borne disease transmission [4][5] Public Health Implications - ECDC officials warn that the evolving patterns of mosquito-borne diseases will pose greater risks to the population in Europe [5] - Coordinated public health actions and personal protective measures are emphasized as increasingly important [5]