Core Viewpoint - mRNA vaccines represent a transformative advancement in immunology, characterized by rapid production and strong immunogenicity across various disease conditions [3][4]. Group 1: mRNA Vaccine Technology - The use of lipid nanoparticles (LLN) has emerged as a versatile and efficient delivery vehicle, enhancing stability and adaptable surface chemistry for the development of effective and low-toxicity targeted mRNA vaccines [3]. - mRNA vaccines generate robust and long-lasting protective immunity, primarily through antigen-presenting cells (APC), particularly dendritic cells (DC), which efficiently present antigens and optimally localize to lymphoid tissues [4]. Group 2: Challenges in Vaccine Delivery - Direct targeting of dendritic cells significantly improves vaccine efficacy; however, non-specific uptake by macrophages during in vivo vaccine delivery poses a major challenge [4]. - Despite macrophages' phagocytic capabilities, their ability to transport antigens from peripheral tissues to lymphoid tissues for effective initial T cell stimulation is limited [4]. - Reducing macrophage-mediated uptake of nanoparticle vaccines is crucial for promoting lymph node transport and ultimately enhancing vaccine efficacy [4]. Group 3: Research Development - On August 18, 2025, a collaborative research paper titled "A precision-engineered dendritic cell-targeted mRNA nanovaccine for enhanced antiviral immunity" was published by teams from Sichuan University, led by Song Xiangrong and Liu Jiyan, in the journal Cell Biomaterials [4].