作为金融服务实体经济的重要抓手，绿色金融通过创新金融工具，调整资金流向，能够有效助力企业降 本增效、低碳转型，是实现"双碳"目标的重要支撑。中国人民银行、国家金融监督管理总局、中国证监 会前不久联合印发《绿色金融支持项目目录（2025年版）》，自2025年10月1日起施行，旨在加大金融 支持经济社会发展全面绿色转型，为美丽中国建设提供坚实支撑。 推动绿色金融产品和服务创新。设立国家绿色产业基金，重点投向储能、氢能、碳捕集等技术研发，对 中小微绿色企业实施贷款贴息与担保补贴。鼓励金融机构创新绿色金融产品，如绿色结构性存款、绿色 资产证券化等，推出碳期货期权、气候保险等工具，试点"绿色信贷+碳资产质押"模式，支持企业将碳 配额转化为融资信用，满足不同类型绿色项目的需求。同时，推动绿色金融与科技金融、数字金融融合 发展，提升绿色金融服务的精准性和效率。 完善碳市场机制。建立全国统一的碳定价体系，提升碳交易市场活跃度，吸引更多社会资本参与。加强 地方政府绿色项目配套资金支持，设立专项基金，并通过政策倾斜、财政补贴等方式，鼓励社会资本参 与绿色项目投资，推动政府、市场、企业多方合力，构建可持续的绿色金融生态体系。 作者 ...

Core Viewpoint - The development of green finance in China is crucial for supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy and achieving the "dual carbon" goals, necessitating improvements in standards, information disclosure, product innovation, and attracting social capital participation [1][2][3][4]. Group 1: Current State of Green Finance - As of the end of 2024, the balance of green loans in China reached 36.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.68%, significantly outpacing the average growth rate of all loans [2]. - In 2024, 589 new green bonds were issued, amounting to 654.49 billion yuan, with a cumulative balance of 5.73 trillion yuan [2]. - Green insurance premiums reached 229.8 billion yuan in 2023, providing insurance coverage of 709 trillion yuan, a 14.74-fold increase since 2020 [2]. Group 2: Challenges in Green Finance Development - There are significant challenges in green finance, including discrepancies in local and industry standards, low corporate environmental information disclosure rates, and a lack of authenticity and comparability in data [3]. - The distribution of green financial resources is uneven, with a concentration in traditional high-energy-consuming industries, leaving emerging sectors like renewable energy and carbon capture under-supported [3]. - The existing financial products are highly homogeneous, and innovative tools such as carbon futures and climate derivatives are still in pilot stages, failing to meet diverse emission reduction needs [3]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - It is essential to establish and refine green finance standards, particularly for rural and small enterprises, to prevent "greenwashing" and align with international standards [4]. - The establishment of a national green industry fund is recommended, focusing on technologies like energy storage, hydrogen, and carbon capture, along with incentives for small and micro green enterprises [4]. - A unified national carbon pricing system should be developed to enhance market activity and attract more social capital, supported by local government funding and policy incentives [4].