Group 1 - The article highlights the rapid countermeasures taken by China in response to U.S. sanctions, while the EU has explicitly refused to follow the Trump administration's approach of imposing tariffs on China [1][3] - The U.S. has added 23 Chinese entities to its entity list, particularly targeting high-tech sectors like semiconductors and integrated circuits, indicating a continuation of its strategy to maintain dominance in high-tech fields [1][4] - China's Ministry of Commerce has criticized the U.S. for abusing the concept of national security and has initiated two counter-investigations against U.S. chip products, demonstrating a precise retaliatory action [1][3] Group 2 - The EU's refusal to impose tariffs on China and India stems from the potential harm to its own economic interests, as it is currently negotiating a free trade agreement with India and has established strong trade ties with China [3][4] - The article notes that the EU's position is increasingly based on World Trade Organization rules and its own economic considerations, emphasizing the irreplaceable nature of the Chinese market for Europe [4][5] - The contrasting responses of China and the EU to U.S. unilateralism indicate a growing resistance to the U.S.'s attempts to dominate international rules, with both parties demonstrating firm stances based on their respective interests [5]