Core Viewpoint - Biodiversity is essential for human survival and development, facing unprecedented threats due to climate change, habitat destruction, and overexploitation, making its protection a global priority [1][2]. Group 1: Protecting the Ecological Environment - The integrity of ecosystems is fundamental for biodiversity, requiring a collaborative approach across ecosystem, species, and genetic resource levels [3]. - China has established a natural protection system centered on national parks and nature reserves, which needs further systematic enhancement [3]. - A dynamic monitoring platform utilizing remote sensing and ground observation is essential for real-time monitoring of ecosystem structures and functions, exemplified by the 3D monitoring system in the Ruoergai Wetlands [3]. Group 2: Species Protection - Species protection is central to biodiversity conservation, necessitating differentiated and precise protection strategies [4]. - For widely distributed and dominant species, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, along with ecological corridor construction, are vital to prevent population decline due to habitat fragmentation [4]. - The successful recovery of the Hainan gibbon population from 7 to 42 individuals demonstrates the effectiveness of comprehensive protection measures [4]. Group 3: Improving Ecological Quality - Pollution control and ecological protection are interrelated, requiring innovative production methods and lifestyle changes to alleviate biodiversity protection pressures [5]. - The implementation of clean production and ecological agriculture can significantly reduce pollution and enhance environmental quality, with PM2.5 levels dropping to 29.3 micrograms per cubic meter by 2024 [5]. - The establishment of environmental education systems and community initiatives has led to a 16.7% reduction in dry waste in Shanghai, indirectly benefiting biodiversity [6]. Group 4: Exploring Ecological Potential - Establishing a market mechanism for ecological value is crucial for sustainable biodiversity protection, focusing on the economic valuation of ecosystem services [7]. - Technological advancements, such as satellite remote sensing, are essential for real-time monitoring of biodiversity dynamics [7]. - The development of ecological industries, like eco-tourism, can generate significant revenue while maintaining ecosystem stability, as seen in Yunnan's Pudacuo National Park with an annual income of 180 million yuan [7]. Group 5: Traditional Ecological Culture - Integrating traditional ecological knowledge into modern conservation practices can enhance biodiversity protection efforts [8]. - The establishment of ecological compensation and damage compensation systems is vital for ensuring the sustainable use of biological resources [8]. - The New Anjiang model of ecological compensation has become a national example, expanding to 20 river basins and demonstrating effective cross-province ecological protection [8]. Group 6: Synergy Between Biodiversity Protection and Productivity Development - The collaboration among government, enterprises, and the public is essential for creating a virtuous cycle of protection, utilization, and value addition in biodiversity [9].