为攻克这些难题，研究团队开发的新型发生器采用光放大器增强弱信号，并利用第二个光电二极管抑制 串扰及各类噪声。得益于内置噪声抑制功能，该光子集成电路能直接输出更清晰的信号，减少了对后期 处理的依赖，从而在小型化平台上实现了高速真随机数生成。 测试结果显示，即使量子信号被噪声淹没，该设备仍能有效恢复信号，解决了芯片集成设备的关键难 题。其生成随机数的速率高达每秒3千兆字节，可满足大型数据中心的安全需求。此外，系统连续稳定 运行24小时，展现出优异的可靠性，这也是采用单激光器最大化干涉可见度带来的优势。 英国东芝欧洲剑桥研究实验室科学家在25日出版的《光学·量子》杂志发表论文称，他们研制出一款基 于芯片的量子随机数生成器，兼具小巧与高速的特点。这一突破使量子随机数生成技术向日常设备内置 应用迈进一步，有望在保持高速的同时增强数据安全性。 真正的随机性对网上银行安全、私人通信及敏感信息防护至关重要。随着数字安全需求日益增长，高速 生成高质量随机数的重要性愈发凸显。 集成光子学技术，利用微型光学电路在芯片上操控光线，可将复杂光学系统缩小至毫米级别。但此类系 统易受电子噪声等因素干扰，影响随机数质量。传统方法需通过复杂滤 ...

Summary of Quantum Computing and Communication Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference focused on the **quantum computing** and **quantum communication** industries, highlighting their current status, challenges, and future potential [1][2][16]. Key Points and Arguments Quantum Computing - **Quantum Computing Basics**: Quantum computing utilizes quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in multiple states simultaneously, allowing for exponential speedup in specific algorithms compared to classical computing [5][14]. - **Current Technologies**: The main technologies in quantum computing include: - **Superconducting**: Used by companies like Google and IBM, known for high gate fidelity and long coherence times [6]. - **Trapped Ions**: Represented by companies like INQ, offering higher fidelity but facing scalability challenges [6]. - **Neutral Atom Optical Tweezers**: Lower environmental requirements but longer operation times [6]. - **Industry Stage**: The quantum computing industry is still in its early stages, primarily serving the education and research markets, with potential applications in materials, chemicals, biomedicine, and finance [1][21]. Quantum Communication - **Key Technologies**: Quantum communication includes: - **Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)**: Ensures secure key distribution using quantum properties, making interception detectable [9][33]. - **Quantum Teleportation**: Transfers quantum states using entangled particles, with significant implications for future information transmission [10]. - **Advantages**: Quantum communication offers enhanced security due to its fundamental properties, although it still relies on classical channels for information transmission [15]. Challenges and Development - **Key Issues**: The development of quantum computing faces challenges such as: - Environmental noise affecting qubits [17]. - The need for quantum error correction to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing [4][53]. - Weak upstream supply chains, particularly for dilution refrigerants [17][18]. - **Measurement Systems**: Current measurement systems require optimization for low-temperature environments, and specialized equipment is needed for effective quantum control [19]. Market and Future Outlook - **Market Applications**: The primary market for quantum technologies is currently in education and research, but significant potential exists in materials science, biomedicine, and finance due to their complex computational needs [21][28]. - **Future Projections**: By 2025-2030, specialized quantum computers for optimization problems are expected to emerge, with general-purpose quantum computers gradually becoming more prevalent [23]. - **Technological Maturity**: Technologies like quantum key distribution and quantum random number generators are nearing practical application, particularly in high-security sectors [24]. Notable Companies and Developments - **Leading Companies**: Key players in the quantum computing space include IBM, Google, and IONQ, with significant advancements in superconducting and trapped ion technologies [30][32]. - **Investment Trends**: The potential for breakthroughs in quantum technology could lead to significant shifts in funding towards successful companies, particularly if major milestones are achieved [46]. Additional Important Content - **Quantum Measurement**: Quantum measurement technologies are advancing rapidly, with applications in military and research fields [27]. - **Economic Challenges**: Each technology route faces unique economic challenges, and the lack of a decisive breakthrough currently prevents a clear funding shift [46]. - **Security and Commercial Value**: Enhancing security through quantum technologies can create commercial value, particularly in sectors requiring high security [47]. This summary encapsulates the key insights from the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the quantum computing and communication landscape, its challenges, and future opportunities.