Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of transforming industrial solid waste from an environmental burden into a valuable resource through effective management and innovative technologies [1][2]. Group 1: Industrial Solid Waste Management - Industrial solid waste management follows the principle of balancing resource utilization and harmless disposal, distinguishing between "treatment" for reuse and "disposal" for safety [2]. - Techniques such as physical separation and advanced optical sorting are employed to enhance the recovery of valuable components from waste like coal gangue [2][3]. - The article highlights the need for a technical chain that includes pre-treatment activation, resource utilization, and harmless disposal to promote circular economy development [2]. Group 2: Challenges and Opportunities - The potential for "waste-to-resource" transformation is recognized, with valuable elements in industrial waste available for tiered utilization [3]. - Key challenges include unclear recognition of the resource attributes of waste and high costs associated with technology implementation, which hinder the promotion of effective waste management solutions [4]. - The article stresses the necessity of understanding the composition of waste and the production processes to avoid costly mistakes in recovery efforts [4]. Group 3: Research and Innovation - The article discusses the importance of collaborative innovation and aligning research with industry needs to create a conducive environment for scientific advancement [6][9]. - It highlights the significance of addressing real industry problems to ensure that research efforts are relevant and impactful [7][9]. - The article also mentions successful case studies, such as the development of potassium sulfate production technology, which demonstrates the practical application of research in solving industry challenges [8][10].