Core Insights - The Qujialing culture is recognized as the earliest officially named Neolithic archaeological culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, significantly altering the traditional view of the cultural center of the Yellow River basin and proving that both the Yangtze and Yellow River basins are origins of Chinese civilization [5][6][11] Archaeological Significance - The Qujialing site, discovered in 1954, has yielded rich cultural relics that provide insights into the development of prehistoric civilization in the Jianghan Plain, covering major stages of the late Neolithic period [6][9] - The site includes the earliest known water conservancy systems in China, with the Xiongjialing water system being the most complete prehistoric water management system discovered to date [11] Agricultural Developments - The Qujialing site has revealed the earliest evidence of rice cultivation in the middle Yangtze River region, with carbonized rice grains being the most abundant among the agricultural remains found [7][8] - The agricultural practices established during the Qujialing culture have persisted, with the Jianghan Plain remaining a significant rice production area in China today [7] Cultural Artifacts - The site is notable for its diverse pottery, including egg-shell thin pottery and black pottery, showcasing advanced ceramic techniques and aesthetic values of the time [8][9] - Artifacts such as carbonized grains and various pottery forms indicate a sophisticated understanding of agriculture and craftsmanship among the Qujialing people [7][8] Architectural Innovations - The discovery of a large architectural site (F38) with over 70 foundational stone bases (zhaizun) provides evidence of advanced construction techniques and suggests the existence of a significant public ceremonial building [9][10] - The architectural findings contribute to the understanding of ancient Chinese building practices and social organization during the Qujialing culture [10] Educational Outreach - The Qujialing National Archaeological Park has engaged in extensive educational activities, reaching over 500,000 students through various programs aimed at promoting awareness of the Qujialing culture [12]