Core Viewpoint - The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) represents a significant advancement in integrating modern energy systems with cultural heritage, showcasing a commitment to sustainability through innovative energy supply strategies and low-carbon design principles [4][14]. Energy Supply System - GEM has developed a new energy supply system that incorporates various designs to address low-carbon challenges, ensuring stable environmental conditions for artifact preservation while minimizing carbon emissions and enhancing energy efficiency [4][12]. - The museum's solar energy system is expected to generate approximately 2.24 GWh annually, making it one of the first large museums in Africa and the Middle East to rely significantly on solar power [5][14]. Localized Solar Power Strategy - The solar panels installed on the museum's roof and parking area follow a "localized" approach, optimizing land use and blending with the museum's architecture [7]. - The solar power system is designed to prioritize energy for lighting, air conditioning, and exhibit control, with excess energy either fed back into the grid or stored for peak load management [7][14]. Continuous Power Supply - GEM employs a robust power distribution and automation system to ensure uninterrupted power supply, crucial for protecting valuable artifacts from potential damage due to power outages [10]. - The museum is equipped with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and high-capacity backup generators, providing a multi-layered power supply strategy that is standard for large international museums [10][11]. Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation - The museum has achieved over 60% energy savings through passive and active energy design strategies, and it has reduced water usage by approximately 34% [12][13]. - Specific measures include high-sealing display cases, LED lighting with sensors, and efficient HVAC systems, all contributing to reduced energy consumption and enhanced artifact preservation [12][13]. Sustainable Operations - GEM promotes low-carbon transportation options, such as electric vehicle charging stations, and implements green procurement and waste management practices, creating a sustainable operational framework [13][14]. - The museum has been recognized as one of the first advanced green museums in Africa and the Middle East, reflecting both technological achievements and collaborative governance efforts [13][14]. Future Challenges - Despite its advancements, GEM faces ongoing challenges, including the need for energy storage solutions to balance solar power intermittency and further reduce operational carbon emissions [14].