撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 自 20 世纪 70 年代初以来， 计算机断层扫描 （Computed Tomography，CT） 得到了广泛应用，尤其是在大多数高收入国家的应用迅速增长。CT 扫描在患者 管理中的好处是无可争议，然而，多次 CT 扫描会导致辐射剂量的累积，并可能增加癌症风险，这引起了医学界和科学界的广泛关注。 评估儿童和青少年因 CT 等医疗成像的辐射所引发的 血液系统癌症 的风险，或许有助于就医疗成像的使用做出明智决定。 2025 年 9 月 17 日 ，加州大学旧金山分校等机构的研究人员在国际顶尖医学期刊 《 新英格兰医学杂志 》 （NEJM） 上发表了题为： Medical Imaging and Pediatric and Adolescent Hematologic Cancer Risk 的研究论文 【1】 。 这项大规模队列研究显示， ，儿童和青少年接受医疗影像检查 （例如 CT 扫描） 所受辐射与患血液系统癌症风险小幅但显著增加之间存在关联 。该队列中 约 10.1% 的血液癌症病例可归因于医疗影像辐射 ，这种高风险主要来自 CT 扫描 等医学影像检查。 NEJM ...

Core Insights - The ongoing research in paleontology continues to provide clues for understanding the evolution of life, particularly the relationship between dinosaurs and birds, which has been debated since Darwin proposed the theory of evolution [1][2][3] Group 1: Evidence of Evolution - Key evidence supporting the hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs includes the discovery of feathered dinosaur fossils in China, which confirmed that feathers were present before the evolution of birds [1][2] - The fossil of "Guanlong," discovered in 2003, showed limb structures similar to bird feathers, indicating a crucial stage in the evolution of flight [1] - The largest feathered dinosaur fossil, found in Inner Mongolia in 2005, further demonstrated the importance of feathers in the evolutionary process, challenging the previous notion that dinosaurs were solely covered in scales [1] Group 2: Structural Similarities - Studies comparing the skeletal structures of dinosaurs and early birds revealed significant similarities, such as the claw structure of "Velociraptor" and the feather arrangement of "Microraptor," which align closely with early birds like "Archaeopteryx" [2] - The continuity in skeletal structure supports the theory that birds are a lineage of theropod dinosaurs [2] Group 3: Technological Advancements - Advances in technology have enhanced paleontological research, allowing for the use of satellite navigation data, geological data, and computer models to better predict fossil distribution [2][3] - Techniques such as CT scanning and synchrotron radiation enable scientists to observe the internal structures of fossils, revealing details about the physiological changes during the evolution from dinosaurs to birds [3] Group 4: Multidisciplinary Approaches - The integration of paleontology with developmental biology and molecular biology has provided strong support for the evolutionary connection between birds and dinosaurs, particularly through the study of gene sequences related to feather development and flight capabilities [3] - Ongoing research continues to yield significant findings, enhancing the understanding of life's evolution and the mysteries of Earth's biological history [3]