Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call on Battery Industry Industry Overview - The conference call focused on the battery industry, particularly the U.S. Electric Vehicle (EV) and Energy Storage System (ESS) markets, with insights from SNE Research [1][3]. Core Insights U.S. ESS Market Dynamics - The U.S. ESS market is expected to face near-term supply constraints, transitioning to Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) prismatic batteries, with localized ESS costs becoming competitive from 2026 [4][7]. - SNE Research projects robust demand for North America's ESS, driven by grid-scale deployments and increasing power needs from AI data centers. However, supply constraints may lead to a temporary market contraction from 2025 to 2027 due to regulatory restrictions and supply limitations affecting Chinese battery imports [4][7]. - In 2024, Chinese imports are projected to supply approximately 65 GWh to North America, but delays or cancellations of projects are anticipated from 2025 due to these constraints [4][7]. - Korean battery manufacturers are expected to increase their market share in North America to about 87% by 2027 as localized production capacity grows [4][16]. U.S. EV Battery Demand - U.S. EV battery demand is expected to remain weak through 2028, attributed to slower EV adoption, easing environmental regulations, and increased support for fossil fuels [7]. - Despite the anticipated cost parity of U.S. onshore LFP cell production with Chinese imports by 2026, a significant oversupply in the overall battery market is projected due to front-loaded capacity additions [7]. Technological Developments - Korean cell manufacturers are focusing on cost differentiation through incremental technological advancements rather than niche market opportunities. Key areas of development include silicon-based anodes, lithium-metal anodes, and cobalt-free cathode materials [8]. - LMR cathodes are highlighted as a promising mid-to-low-cost option with higher energy density than LFP at comparable costs. Sodium-ion batteries are viewed as a long-term alternative for ESS, while solid-state batteries are expected to see initial commercialization between 2027 and 2030 [8]. Additional Important Insights - The transition to LFP chemistry and prismatic form factors for ESS is expected to be gradual as Korean manufacturers adapt their existing EV production lines [4]. - Cost advantages for locally produced ESS container systems are projected to widen after 2026, making them more competitive against imports [4][11]. - The overall supply-demand imbalance for batteries in North America is expected to worsen through 2028, despite strong ESS demand [7]. Conclusion - The battery industry is undergoing significant changes, with supply constraints and technological advancements shaping the market landscape. The focus on cost-effectiveness and local production capabilities will be crucial for companies operating in this space.

Summary of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. (CATL) Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. (CATL) - **Ticker**: 300750.SZ - **Industry**: Energy & Chemicals, specifically in the battery manufacturing sector Key Points VAT Refund Adjustment Impact - The reduction of the battery value-added tax (VAT) refund rate from 9% in 2025 to 6% effective April 26, 2026, is expected to have a limited impact on CATL's earnings, similar to the previous year's adjustment [2][4] - CATL's earnings resilience is attributed to: 1. Ability to implement price increases to offset margin pressure 2. Ongoing overseas capacity expansion diversifying revenue streams 3. Financial buffers from warranty and customer rebate provisions [2] Challenges for Tier-2 Battery Manufacturers - The VAT refund cut will significantly challenge tier-2 battery manufacturers, who have relied on higher VAT refunds for aggressive pricing strategies [3] - These smaller players may face margin compression and competitive pressure, potentially accelerating industry consolidation as weaker players struggle to maintain profitability [3] CATL's Market Position - CATL is positioned as a global leader in EV battery technology, benefiting from strong pricing power, scale advantages, and international growth initiatives [4] - Historical evidence suggests that policy-driven changes like VAT adjustments have limited earnings sensitivity for CATL [4] Earnings Impact Analysis - The expected impact on earnings due to the VAT refund adjustment is projected to be a decrease of Rmb 3,244 million in 2025, translating to a -5% impact on earnings, and a decrease of Rmb 1,865 million in 2026, translating to a -2% impact [9] Valuation and Financial Metrics - CATL's current market cap is Rmb 1,680,381 million, with an expected revenue growth from Rmb 410,628 million in 2025 to Rmb 612,448 million in 2027 [7] - The company is rated as "Overweight" with a price target of Rmb 490.00, indicating a potential upside of 33% from the current price of Rmb 369.23 [7] Risks and Opportunities - **Upside Risks**: - Faster-than-expected EV penetration and energy storage system (ESS) application - Lower geopolitical risks and better-than-expected margins - Higher-than-expected market share gains [13] - **Downside Risks**: - Weaker EV penetration and ESS application - Potential threats from other battery manufacturers - Geopolitical risks leading to supply chain decoupling [13] Additional Insights - CATL's strategic expansion into overseas markets and continued innovation in energy storage solutions are expected to support long-term margin stability and revenue growth [4] - The company is advised against front-loading exports ahead of the VAT adjustment to avoid material cost inflation and further margin pressure [5] This summary encapsulates the critical insights from the conference call regarding CATL's financial outlook, market position, and the implications of the VAT refund adjustment on the broader battery manufacturing industry.

Summary of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. (CATL) - **Ticker**: 300750.SZ - **Market Cap**: Rmb1,681,365.7 million - **Current Share Price**: Rmb369.20 (as of December 30, 2025) - **Price Target**: Rmb490.00 - **52-Week Range**: Rmb424.36 - Rmb209.11 - **Shares Outstanding**: 4,387 million - **Average Daily Trading Value**: Rmb7,820 million - **Industry**: China Energy & Chemicals Key Takeaways - **ePV Subsidy Policy**: The subsidy for electric passenger vehicles (ePV) will shift from a fixed amount in 2025 to a percentage of the car price in 2026, which alleviates market concerns about a potential sales decline in Q1 2026 due to subsidy uncertainty [5][5][5] - **Subsidy Details**: - Scrappage and renewal: 12% of car price, capped at Rmb20,000 - Replacement and renewal: 8% of car price, capped at Rmb15,000 - **Growth Projections**: The continuity of ePV subsidies is expected to support high single-digit growth in ePV battery sales in 2026, alongside strong performance in electric trucks (etruck) and energy storage systems (ESS) [5][5][5] - **Cost Management**: If battery material inflation persists due to high demand, CATL is likely to implement a cost-plus pricing strategy to pass on costs [5][5][5] Valuation Methodology - **Valuation Approach**: The base case valuation uses an EV/EBITDA multiple of 17x for 2026E EBITDA, which translates to a P/E ratio of 25x for 2026E and a PEG ratio of 1x, based on a projected 25% five-year earnings CAGR [6][6][6] Risks - **Upside Risks**: - Faster-than-expected penetration of electric vehicles (EV) and ESS applications - Lower geopolitical risks - Better-than-expected profit margins - Increased market share gains [8][8][8] - **Downside Risks**: - Weaker EV penetration and ESS applications - Competition from other battery manufacturers - Geopolitical risks affecting the battery supply chain - Stagnation in market share growth [8][8][8] Analyst Rating - **Stock Rating**: Overweight - **Industry View**: In-Line Additional Information - **Analyst**: Jack Lu, Equity Analyst at Morgan Stanley Asia Limited - **Contact**: Jack.Lu@morganstanley.com This summary encapsulates the essential points from the conference call regarding Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd., focusing on the company's market position, growth strategies, and associated risks.

Core Insights - Ford Motor Co. and SK On have decided to terminate their EV battery manufacturing partnership due to challenges in the electric vehicle market, including regulatory changes and declining demand [1][2][3] Company Developments - SK On will shift its focus towards Energy Storage Systems and has announced changes in ownership of the battery plants, with Ford taking full ownership of the Kentucky plant and SK On assuming control of the Tennessee plant [2][3] - The partnership, known as BlueOval SK, had involved significant investments, totaling approximately $11.4 billion, primarily for the $5 billion Kentucky plant, which was producing batteries for the F-150 Lightning EV Pickup Truck [4] Market Context - The decision to end the partnership aligns with a broader strategy to reduce debt and enhance profitability, as SK On has reported multi-million dollar losses amid falling EV demand [3] - Ford's EV sales have seen a drastic decline, with a reported 60% drop in November, raising concerns about the viability of ongoing EV projects [4] Regulatory Environment - Recent regulatory changes, including the rollback of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards by President Trump, have contributed to the challenges faced by the EV sector [5] - Ford's CEO, Jim Farley, has expressed a commitment to EVs despite these challenges, emphasizing the importance of remaining competitive in the global market [6]

Asia Pacific Equity Research 04 December 2025 This material is neither intended to be distributed to Mainland China investors nor to provide securities investment consultancy services within the territory of Mainland China. This material or any portion hereof may not be reprinted, sold or redistributed without the written consent of J.P. Morgan. China Battery & Materials 2026 target revised up; December production outlook: CATL the only manufacturer seeing m/m growth J.P. Morgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Li ...

Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd. Business Update Call Summary Company Overview - **Company**: Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd. - **Industry**: Lithium Chemicals - **Market Cap**: Rmb 113,678 million - **Current Stock Price**: HK$47.44 (as of December 3, 2025) - **Price Target**: HK$43.30, indicating a downside of approximately 9% from the current price [6][6] Key Production and Financial Projections - **Lithium Chemicals Production**: Expected to reach 170-180kt LCE in 2025, with a growth of 50kt LCE in 2026, of which 30-50kt will be sourced from Ganfeng's own mines [1][1] - **Revenue Projections**: - 2025: Rmb 18,467 million - 2026: Rmb 21,868 million - 2027: Rmb 29,124 million [6][6] - **EBITDA Projections**: - 2025: Rmb 1,975 million - 2026: Rmb 4,385 million - 2027: Rmb 6,350 million [6][6] Supply-Demand Dynamics - **2026 Supply-Demand Balance**: Anticipated demand for lithium is approximately 2 million tonnes LCE, with supply expected to be between 2-2.1 million tonnes LCE. This balance may tighten further in 2027 due to limited new supply coming online [3][3] - **Price Outlook**: Management is optimistic about lithium prices and is not currently hedging its production [3][3] Battery Shipment Volumes - **Battery Shipments**: Expected to grow from over 30 GWh in 2025 to 45-50 GWh in 2026. The majority will be for Energy Storage Systems (ESS), with a smaller portion for Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries (5 GWh in 2025) [4][4] - **Customer Distribution**: Approximately 30% of ESS battery shipments will go to Yichu (a Ganfeng-related developer), while 70% will be sold to external customers [4][4] Project Updates - **Goulamina, Mali**: Projected output of 300kt spodumene concentrate in 2025, increasing to 500kt in 2026 [8][8] - **Mariana, Argentina**: Expected output of less than 5kt LCE in 2025, with a growth of 10kt in 2026 [8][8] - **Cauchari-Olaroz, Argentina**: Mild growth expected in 2026 from approximately 35kt LCE in 2025 [8][8] - **PPGS, Argentina**: Environmental licenses obtained, with potential construction start in 2026 and production beginning in 2028 [8][8] - **Songshugang, China**: Currently low priority and not progressing [8][8] Risks and Considerations - **Upside Risks**: - Shortages of lithium raw materials could constrain production increases - Higher-than-expected growth in the EV market [12][12] - **Downside Risks**: - EV market demand may fall below expectations - Faster-than-expected global lithium supply growth could impact profitability [12][12] Analyst Ratings - **Stock Rating**: Equal-weight - **Industry View**: Attractive [6][6] This summary encapsulates the key points from Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd.'s business update call, highlighting production expectations, market dynamics, project updates, and associated risks.

Summary of the 2025 China Materials Tour Conference Call Industry Overview - **Industry**: Battery Materials and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) - **Key Company**: ZE Consulting Core Insights 1. **Battery Demand Forecast**: ZE Consulting predicts a significant increase in ESS demand for FY26, estimating a growth of **70-80% YoY**. This is attributed to battery makers revising their output guidance upwards for FY26, indicating a tightening supply-demand dynamic in the battery market [1][2][3] 2. **Battery Price Trends**: Anticipated price hikes in batteries are expected due to: - Tightening supply and demand dynamics for both ESS and electric vehicle (EV) batteries - Inflation in raw material costs that battery manufacturers will need to pass on to consumers [1][3][5] 3. **Production Pipeline**: The production pipeline for December 2025 is expected to remain stable month-over-month. Leading battery manufacturers are stockpiling battery materials in preparation for increased average selling prices (ASP) and for production needs during the Chinese New Year [2][3] 4. **Cost Inflation Impact**: Recent inflation in battery materials has resulted in approximately a **10% increase** in the cost of battery cells. Key materials such as LiPF6, VC, and lithium carbonate have seen significant price increases, with further hikes expected for cathodes and other components [3][5] 5. **Lepidolite Mine Operations**: JXW is projected to resume operations in December 2025, adding around **8,000 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE)** monthly to the market. However, other lepidolite mines may face operational suspensions similar to CATL's situation during FY26 [4][5] 6. **Price Hikes Sequence**: The sequence of price increases is expected to start with ESS, followed by LiPF6 and cathodes, and then separators and anodes. EV battery prices may also rise due to cost pressures and a shift in production capacity towards ESS [5][8] 7. **Profitability Concerns**: If battery makers increase the ASP of battery cells to offset cost inflation, it could negatively impact the internal rate of return (IRR) for ESS projects. Profitability is at risk if the ASP exceeds **Rmb0.4/wh** [8] Additional Important Points - **Inventory Management**: Leading battery manufacturers are increasing their inventory of battery materials in anticipation of rising prices and production needs [2][3] - **Market Dynamics**: The overall market dynamics indicate a shift towards a more constrained supply environment, which could lead to further price volatility in the battery materials sector [1][5] This summary encapsulates the key insights and projections discussed during the conference call, highlighting the evolving landscape of the battery materials industry and its implications for future investments.

Core Insights - Huang Shilin, co-founder and third-largest shareholder of Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), sold a 1% stake for 1.7 billion yuan (US$239 million) amid a rally in CATL's shares [1][2] - The sale involved 45.6 million yuan-denominated A shares at a price of 376.12 yuan (US$52.92) each, representing a 0.9% discount to CATL's closing price of 379.39 yuan [2][3] - CATL's mainland-traded shares have increased by 46% this year, driven by technological advancements and overseas expansion [3][5] Company Performance - CATL raised US$5.22 billion in May through the largest initial public offering of the year, with its H shares rising 84% from the offer price, closing at HK$483 [4] - The company is recognized as a leading player in the electric vehicle battery market, powering over one-third of electric cars globally [5] Leadership Changes - Huang Shilin has stepped down from his role at CATL and is no longer an employee of the company [6]

Investment Rating - The report assigns a "Buy" rating for CALB Group Co Ltd with a target price of HK$33.40, indicating an expected share price return of 3.3% [6]. Core Insights - CALB's battery shipment volume guidance for 2025E is set at 110GWh, with expectations to exceed this target based on year-to-date trends and production plans for the last two months of the year. For 2026E, the guidance is 180GWh, comprising 110GWh for EV batteries and 70GWh for ESS batteries [2][3]. - The completed battery capacity is projected to be over 160GWh by the end of 2025 and over 230GWh by the end of 2026, with effective capacities expected to be 130GWh and nearly 200GWh, respectively [2]. - Demand for ESS batteries is strong, with CALB operating at full capacity in 2025. The company anticipates sustained capacity amid shipment bottlenecks and strong demand growth from both existing and new clients in 2026-27E [3]. - Management expects a slight increase in the average selling price (ASP) of ESS batteries due to tight supply, but significant increases are unlikely. Margins in the ESS battery segment are expected to rise in 2026-27E due to increased shipments to overseas markets and higher-margin ESS system shipments [4]. - For EV batteries, effective capacity is expected to reach 85GWh in 2025E and 130GWh in 2026E. Shipment growth for EV batteries is anticipated to remain strong, with improved margins expected as shipments to international OEMs increase [5]. Summary by Sections Battery Shipment - CALB's battery shipment volume guidance for 2025E is 110GWh, with expectations to exceed this target. For 2026E, the guidance is 180GWh, including 110GWh for EV batteries and 70GWh for ESS batteries [2]. Battery Capacity - Completed battery capacity is expected to be over 160GWh in 2025 and over 230GWh in 2026, with effective capacities projected at 130GWh and nearly 200GWh, respectively [2]. ESS Battery - ESS battery demand is strong, with full utilization expected in 2025. Capacity is anticipated to be sustained in 2026 amid strong demand growth [3]. ESS Battery Price and Margin - Management expects a slight increase in ESS battery ASP due to tight supply, with margins expected to rise in 2026-27E due to increased shipments to overseas markets [4]. EV Battery - Effective capacity for EV batteries is projected at 85GWh in 2025E and 130GWh in 2026E, with strong shipment growth and improved margins expected [5].

Summary of CATL Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) - **Sector**: Auto Parts - **Description**: CATL is China's largest lithium battery manufacturer, focusing on R&D, manufacturing, and sales of EV batteries and energy storage systems (ESS) [11][12] Key Industry Insights - **China EV Battery Market**: - Total installed capacity in September 2025 was 84.3 GWh, up 46% YoY and 18% MoM [3] - CATL's market share in China was 42.2% in September, maintaining its position as the leading supplier [14] - Major clients included Tesla (12%), Geely (11%), and Changan (10%) [1] - **Global Market Position**: - CATL held a global market share of 35% in September 2025, ranking No.1 globally [2] - In Europe, CATL's market share was 41% in September, with major clients including Volkswagen, Audi, and BMW [2][22] Financial Performance - **Revenue and Profit Estimates**: - Projected net income for 2025 is CNY 70,002 million, with an EPS of 15.34 [4][10] - Free cash flow per share is expected to increase to CNY 16.79 by 2025 [4] - P/E ratio is projected to decrease from 50.23x in 2023 to 33.15x in 2025, indicating improving valuation [4] Production and Capacity - **Production Plans**: - Planned production for November 2025 is estimated at 74.5 GWh, representing a 38% YoY increase and a 1% MoM increase [1][15] - The production capacity is aligned with the strong demand for EV and ESS batteries [1] Strategic Partnerships - **Recent Agreements**: - CATL signed a strategic MoU with A.P. Moller - Maersk to enhance global logistics and promote decarbonization [16] - Collaborated with Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle on electrification and technology development [16] - Established a direct-sales channel with JD for battery swap systems [16] Market Trends - **Battery Chemistry and Types**: - In September, the battery chemistry breakdown was 19% NCM and 81% LFP, with prismatic batteries comprising 97.1% of the total [3] - **EV Sales Growth**: - The growth in installed battery capacity aligns with the increasing sales of electric vehicles in China [3] Investment Rationale - **Buy Rating**: - CATL is rated as a "Buy" due to its leading battery technology, cost-saving potential, and strong demand from the ESS sector [12] Additional Insights - **Market Dynamics**: - CATL's domestic market share is expected to increase QoQ in Q4 2025, driven by higher shipments from clients like Xiaomi, NIO, and Li Auto [1] - **Financial Health**: - The company maintains a strong balance sheet with a projected net debt to equity ratio of -65.7% by the end of 2024 [10][4] This summary encapsulates the key points from the CATL conference call, highlighting the company's market position, financial outlook, production plans, strategic partnerships, and investment rationale.