Group 1 - Major retailers like Walmart and Amazon are exploring the issuance of their own stablecoins in the U.S., aiming to bypass traditional payment networks and save on transaction fees [3][4] - The motivation behind these companies' interest in stablecoins is to gain leverage in negotiations with payment giants like Visa and Mastercard, as they pay billions in fees annually for traditional payment processing [3][4] - The potential for faster settlement times with stablecoins is particularly appealing for merchants with overseas suppliers, as traditional credit card transactions can take days to settle [3][4] Group 2 - Traditional payment companies are responding to the threat posed by stablecoins by developing their own platforms and partnerships to support stablecoin transactions [5] - PayPal has launched its own stablecoin, PayPal USD (PYUSD), which is fully backed by U.S. dollar deposits and short-term U.S. government securities, allowing for various transactions and conversions [5] - The issuance of stablecoins could provide institutions with low-cost access to fiat currency and opportunities for investment in low-risk assets like U.S. Treasury bonds [5] Group 3 - Despite the advantages stablecoins offer merchants, convincing consumers to switch from traditional payment methods remains a significant challenge [6][7] - Historical examples show that new payment systems often face adoption hurdles, as seen with the failed merchant customer exchange system supported by major retailers [7] - Concerns about the regulatory status and potential risks associated with stablecoins have been raised, with some experts likening them to unregulated "shadow banking" systems [8][9] Group 4 - The lack of strict regulation surrounding stablecoin issuance raises concerns about operational risks and the potential for market bubbles, similar to past financial crises [8][9] - Compliance issues are a significant challenge for stablecoins, particularly in cross-border payments, where strict adherence to reserve backing is essential to avoid currency over-issuance [9]