Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the announcement of the 2025 "Scientific Exploration Award," recognizing 50 young scientists across various fields, with a focus on their significant research contributions in life sciences and medical sciences [2][47]. Life Sciences - Five young scientists were awarded in the life sciences category, including Mao Yafei, Xu Tongda, Xue Yuanchao, Yan Zhen, and Zhu Shujia [3][4]. - Mao Yafei's research published in Nature discusses the complete genome assembly of a macaque, revealing genetic differences with humans and providing a genetic basis for biomedical models [7]. - Xu Tongda's study in Nature uncovers a new mechanism of auxin signaling in plants, which is crucial for understanding plant growth and development [10]. - Xue Yuanchao's research in Nature identifies the principles of enhancer-promoter selectivity, linking non-coding variations to gene expression regulation [14]. - Yan Zhen's work in Cell explores the mechanisms of chloroplast protein import, potentially enhancing crop yields and carbon fixation [18]. - Zhu Shujia's research in Cell reveals the structure of NMDA receptors, providing insights for developing new drugs for neurological disorders [20]. Medical Sciences - Five young scientists were recognized in the medical sciences category, including Li Wei, Lin Xianfeng, Shu Yilai, Xu Heping, and Zhou Qing [4][5]. - Li Wei's research in Cell presents a novel gene therapy for autosomal recessive deafness, demonstrating safety and efficacy in clinical trials [23]. - Lin Xianfeng's study in Nature introduces a plant-derived photosynthetic system that enhances cellular metabolism, showing promise for treating degenerative diseases [27]. - Shu Yilai's research in The Lancet reports on a gene therapy trial for hearing loss, indicating significant improvements in patients [31]. - Xu Heping's work in Science reveals the role of neuromedin U in regulating intestinal immunity, providing new insights into immune system interactions [35]. - Zhou Qing's research in Nature identifies a molecular mechanism behind a dominant autoinflammatory disease, guiding clinical treatment strategies [38]. Frontier Interdisciplinary - Six scientists were awarded in the frontier interdisciplinary category, including Zhang Jiayi and Zhao Fangqing [5]. - Zhang Jiayi's research in Science develops a retinal nanoprosthesis that restores vision in blind models, showcasing advancements in visual prosthetics [41]. - Zhao Fangqing's study in Cell introduces a new framework for high-resolution spatial proteomics, enhancing tissue analysis capabilities [44].