内蒙古日报·草原云记者：阿妮尔 相较于传统的公路运输，TIR国际公路运输具有一次申报、一车直达、一箱到底的特点，持有TIR证的 车辆在各缔约国之间能够全程不换车、不倒装，免去开箱查验，有效减少了进出口货物在口岸换装及理 货的时间，降低了企业运输成本。 满洲里海关作为我国首批开展TIR业务的海关之一，近年来构建起"属地、途中、口岸"全链条监管模 式，持续落实"7×24小时"预约通关服务、TIR国际公路运输车辆运行情况动态监督、智能卡口快速验放 等16项服务保障措施，推动TIR国际公路运输提质、拓线、增量。目前，经过满洲里公路口岸的TIR国 际公路运输线路扩展至27条。此外，满洲里海关鼓励企业运用"TIR+市场采购""TIR+跨境电商"等模 式，助力国产电子产品、日用百货畅销国际市场。据了解，从单一运输模式到多业态融合发展，满洲里 海关正以TIR国际公路运输为支点，推动满洲里公路口岸跨境物流高效畅通。 转自：草原云 1月8日，记者从满洲里海关获悉：2025年，满洲里公路口岸进出境TIR国际公路运输车辆2470辆、搭载 进出口货物3.74万吨、贸易值达30.83亿元，同比分别增长1.97倍、2.27倍、4.47倍， ...

资料图 12月26日，石家庄综合保税区内，河北嵩宏物流有限公司发往俄罗斯首都莫斯科的TIR国际公路运输专车顺利发车。这是今年5月石家庄首条国际公路运 输专线开通以来，发出的第110辆车，助力石家庄综合保税区TIR国际公路运输年度发运量稳居全省首位。 目前，石家庄综合保税区国际物流运输已实现每周五班常态化运营，从首单业务落地到突破百车规模，实现全省领跑，仅用7个多月便完成跨越式发展。 随着第110辆TIR专车顺利发运，石家庄综保区国际公路运输年度贸易额成功突破3.3亿元。货物从石家庄集散枢纽集结后，经满洲里等口岸出境，10天内 即可直达俄罗斯下诺夫哥罗德市等核心节点城市，为华北地区外贸企业提供了可计划、可依赖的供应链新选择。 值得关注的是，近日，河北嵩宏物流有限公司与河北金亿莱供应链管理有限公司达成深度战略合作，通过国际专线将河北特色产业与TIR国际公路运输的 高效物流进行深度绑定，结合"跨里海国际运输走廊"建设，计划2026年开通格鲁吉亚、阿塞拜疆、土耳其南向线路，为河北货物开辟经高加索直抵南欧市 场的第二通道，进一步提升河北外贸的韧性。同时，专线已升级为"国货出海"与"优品入华"的双向黄金通道，去程满载汽车 ...

Core Insights - The TIR cross-border transport system has seen significant activity in the first ten months of this year, with a total of 374 vehicles dispatched, carrying 5,917 tons of goods valued at 245 million yuan, maintaining the leading position in the country for TIR shipments [1][3] - TIR, known as the "fourth logistics channel," offers a global customs facilitation system for international cross-border goods transport, allowing companies with TIR qualifications to transit through member countries with minimal customs checks, thus reducing logistics costs by approximately 20% compared to traditional road transport [1][3] Group 1 - The efficient customs clearance mechanism of "one document throughout, no vehicle change or reloading" has made TIR an increasingly popular logistics choice for trade enterprises [3] - The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) demonstration zone has established four international road transport routes connecting China with Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Belarus, forming a regional hub for international road transport [3] - In August, the SCO demonstration zone launched the Silk Road e-commerce TIR cross-border channel, exploring the new business model of "TIR + cross-border e-commerce," providing efficient logistics support for the Silk Road e-commerce comprehensive service base [3]

Core Viewpoint - The Caspian Corridor, also known as the "Trans-Caspian International Transport Route," serves as a vital logistics channel connecting China and Europe, bypassing traditional Russian routes amid the Russia-Ukraine conflict, thus becoming an alternative for Eurasian trade [2][12]. Route and Coverage - Geographic Path: Starts from Xinjiang, China (Kashgar or Horgos) [2]. - Major Nodes: - Kazakhstan: Aktau Port (core hub on the eastern Caspian) [3]. - Caspian Sea: Rail-to-ferry transfer across the Caspian Sea (approximately 3,500 km in total length) [4]. - Azerbaijan: Baku Port (logistics center on the western Caspian) [5]. - Georgia: Tbilisi (Caucasus hub) [6]. - Endpoint: Istanbul, Turkey, or Europe (e.g., Germany, Netherlands) [7]. Multimodal Transport Model - The transport model includes: - Rail from China to Kazakhstan - Ferry across the Caspian Sea - Rail/Road from Azerbaijan/Georgia to Europe [8]. Core Advantages and Strategic Value - Time and Cost Optimization: - Transport time from China to Europe is reduced to 15-20 days, compared to 45 days for traditional sea routes [10]. - Cost per standard container is approximately $2,363, slightly higher than sea freight ($1,940-$2,200), but offers advantages in low carbon emissions, fewer transshipments, and high punctuality [11]. - Geopolitical Advantages: - The corridor provides a stable alternative route amid disruptions caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict, attracting support from Western and Central Asian countries [12]. - Economic Impact: - Kazakhstan's transit fees exceed $200 million annually, while Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan benefit from breaking their landlocked status [13]. - The corridor connects Kazakhstan's oil and gas resources and key minerals from Central Asia, ensuring the security of the European supply chain [14]. - Key Component of China's Belt and Road Initiative: - The corridor is prioritized in China's high-quality Belt and Road construction actions, enhancing the strategic position of Xinjiang [15]. Operational Status and Development Goals - Explosive Growth in Freight Volume: - Freight volume reached 4.1 million tons in the first 11 months of 2024 (up 63% year-on-year), with container volume at 50,500 TEUs (a 2.6-fold increase) [16]. - Freight volume was only 1.5 million tons in 2022, with projections to exceed 4.5 million tons in 2024 (a sixfold increase over five years) [16]. - Infrastructure Upgrades: - Aktau Port in Kazakhstan is set to open in June 2025, with an annual capacity of 240,000 TEUs [16]. - Baku Port expansion will increase capacity to 25 million tons/500,000 TEUs [16]. - Electrification of the Dostyk-Moyynty railway segment in Kazakhstan will increase capacity fivefold [16]. - Long-term Goals: - Targeting freight volume of 10 million tons by 2027 (current capacity is 6 million tons/year) [16]. - Projected container volume of 130,000 TEUs by 2040, according to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development [16]. Challenges and Bottlenecks - Infrastructure Shortcomings: - Insufficient ferry capacity with only 13 ferries servicing the Baku-Aktau route, leading to mismatched port throughput and rail capacity [16]. - Low efficiency in transshipment, requiring multiple loading and unloading processes, which increases time costs (e.g., 1-2 days for transshipment at Aktau Port) [16]. - Funding Gaps: - An estimated $38.8 billion is needed for upgrades, with a financing gap of approximately $1.8 billion from the private sector [16]. - Geopolitical Tensions: - Russia's implicit resistance due to concerns over losing control in Central Asia [16]. - Great Power Competition: - The U.S. and Europe are promoting "friend-shoring" to dominate critical mineral supply chains [16]. Key Metrics Summary - Total Length: Approximately 4,766 km - Transport Time: 15-20 days from China to Europe - Freight Volume: 4.5 million tons in 2024 (410,000 tons in the first 11 months) - Container Volume: 50,500 TEUs (first 11 months of 2024) - 2027 Target: 10 million tons - Cost: $2,363 per TEU (China to Turkey) [16]. Conclusion - The Caspian Corridor is emerging as a strategic route in the Eurasian trade landscape, characterized by its efficiency, geopolitical risk mitigation, and deep integration with China's Belt and Road Initiative. Despite facing infrastructure and funding challenges, the rapid growth in freight volume and collaborative efforts among countries along the route indicate its potential for continued expansion. If bottlenecks in ferry capacity and transshipment efficiency are addressed, it could rival traditional Eurasian land bridges as a primary artery for trade [16].