MACROECONOMICS, TRADE AND INVESTMENT M A C R O E C O N O M I C S , T R A D E A N D I N V E S T M E N T EQUITABLE GROWTH, FINANCE & INSTITUTIONS INSIGHT Indonesia’s Fuel ...

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| --- | --- | |---------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------| | | | | | | | FY 2024 Chile Country Opinion Survey Report | CountryOpinionSurveys | | | ECR Business Intelligence Team \| April 2024 | WORLD BANK GROUP Acknowledgements The Chile Country Opinion Survey is part of the County Opinion Survey Program series of the World Bank Group. This report was prepared by the Business Intelligence (BI) team, led by José De Buerba (Senior External Affairs Officer) a ...

FEBRUARY CROATIA 2024 GENDER LANDSCAPE ...

The Critical Link Empowering Utilities for the Energy Transition dezirohtuA erusolcsiD cilbuP dezirohtuA erusolcsiD cilbuP dezirohtuA erusolcsiD cilbuP dezirohtuA erusolcsiD cilbuP © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, Telephone: 202-473-1000 www.worldbank.org This report was prepared by a World Bank Energy and Extractives Global Practice team led by David Loew and Tatyana Kramskaya under the strategic guidance and ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of creating a conducive environment for job creation and inclusive growth in Kenya, particularly for the young labor force and disadvantaged groups such as women [21] Summary by Sections 1. Growth and Jobs Context - Kenya's economy has shown resilience with an average GDP growth rate of 5% from 2010 to 2019, rebounding from a contraction of 0.3% in 2020 due to COVID-19, with real output rising by 7.6% in 2021 and 4.8% in 2022 [22][23] - The share of the population below the national poverty line decreased from 46.7% in 2005 to 33.6% in 2019, but poverty increased to 42.9% in 2020 due to the pandemic [24] - Kenya is experiencing a demographic transition with a significant youth population entering the labor market, which can drive innovation and growth if matched with good job opportunities [26][28] 2. Labor Supply - The majority of the population works in agriculture and services, with agriculture having the lowest quality of employment [18] - Gender disparities persist, with women earning less than men and facing challenges in labor force participation [18] 3. Labor Demand - Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial for employment creation, with a dynamic entrepreneurship ecosystem in Kenya [19] - The emergence of formal micro and small firms in high-skilled sectors like ICT and finance can provide a path to inclusive growth [19] 4. Labor Market Constraints - The report reviews various job-related programs implemented by the government to address labor market constraints, focusing on improving skills and promoting job creation [20] - Long-term policies should invest in human capital and reduce barriers to international trade, while short-term interventions should enhance job-relevant skills [20] 5. Recommendations - The report suggests a combination of long-term and short-term policies to address job market challenges, emphasizing the need for targeted support for vulnerable groups [20]

Industry Overview - The report focuses on Japan's digital transformation journey, highlighting its evolution from lagging in ICT adoption to becoming a leader in digital innovation, particularly through initiatives like Society 5.0 [9][10] - Japan's internet penetration surged from 30% in 2000 to 75% by 2008, aligning it with other advanced economies like Canada, the US, and South Korea [10] - The report emphasizes the importance of digital transformation in improving infrastructure, governance, and service delivery, with a focus on smart city development as a key manifestation of this transformation [11][21] Key Components of Digital Transformation - **Data**: Recognized as the cornerstone of digital transformation, enabling predictive modeling and value creation. Japan has enacted key legislations to promote data acquisition, utilization, and sharing, leading to innovations in public and private sectors [12][13] - **Digital Infrastructure**: Includes stable power supply, high-speed internet, and scalable IT systems. Japan's "My Number Card" initiative exemplifies a government-led platform for digital identification and service integration [14][15] - **Institutional Enablers**: Policies, regulations, and leadership are critical for fostering collaboration and innovation. Japan established the Digital Agency to oversee digital transformation and promote interoperability [16][17] - **People and Digital Skills**: Digital literacy and skills are essential for successful transformation. Japan has implemented training programs and citizen engagement initiatives to enhance digital capabilities across public and private sectors [19][20] Smart City Development - Japan's smart city initiatives evolved from environment-focused projects to problem-solving approaches, addressing challenges like climate change, aging populations, and disaster resilience [112][113] - The "Environment Model City" initiative in 2008 marked the beginning of Japan's smart city efforts, focusing on energy efficiency and waste management [115] - Post the 2011 East Japan Great Earthquake, smart city strategies shifted towards decentralized energy solutions and community resilience [117] - The "Vision for a Digital Garden City Nation" (DIGIDEN) aims to digitally transform society, integrating My Number Card and promoting regional revitalization [126] Case Studies of Smart Cities - **Kashiwanoha**: A private-sector-led smart city project focusing on energy sustainability and disaster resilience, featuring self-contained energy systems and area energy management [156][157] - **Toyama City**: Implemented the "Compact City" policy to address aging populations and declining public transportation services [155] - **Kibichuo Town**: Utilized personal information for emergency medical services, showcasing the benefits of data sharing and integration [155] - **Asahimachi**: Developed mobility services for elderly residents, emphasizing the involvement of private sector and community stakeholders [155] Government Subsidy Programs and Partnerships - The central government provides subsidies for smart city projects, encouraging public-private partnerships (PPPs) to ensure sustainable implementation [128][130] - Platforms like the "Super City Open Lab" and "Smart City Institute-Japan" facilitate collaboration between local governments, private companies, and research institutions [136][137] - Joint evaluation processes for smart city applications across ministries have streamlined funding and implementation efforts [127]

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MACROECONOMICS, TRADE AND INVESTMENT EQ U I TA B L E G ROW T H , F I N A N C E & I N S T I T U T I O N S N OT E S Offshore data leaks and tax enforcement in developing countries ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry under review. Core Insights - The report evaluates the integration of firms receiving export-oriented tax exemptions in Honduras with the local economy, presenting five stylized facts about their trade networks. It challenges the notion that these firms operate as isolated economic enclaves, indicating that they are as connected to local suppliers as non-exempt firms of similar size [13][17][18]. Summary by Sections Introduction - The report discusses the common pattern where exporting firms outperform non-exporting firms, highlighting the potential benefits of spillovers to local firms through backward linkages with suppliers [14][15]. Context of Export Exemption Regimes in Honduras - Export-oriented tax regimes have been in place for over four decades in Honduras, with total tax exemptions in 2022 estimated at L51 billion (US$2.04 billion), representing over 6% of the country's GDP [21][22]. Data - The analysis is based on administrative datasets from the Honduran Revenue Administration Service, covering corporate and personal income tax declarations from 2018 to 2021, including over 860,000 formal workers in 2021 [26][27]. Stylized Facts on Firm-to-Firm Trade Networks - **Fact 1**: Exempt firms have similar connections to local suppliers, conditional on firm size. The average number of suppliers is similar across exempt and non-exempt firms when controlling for size [42][43]. - **Fact 2**: Suppliers of firms in export-oriented regimes differ in several characteristics from those of non-exempt firms, indicating variations in sector and size of suppliers [48]. Policy Implications and Conclusions - The findings suggest that while firms in export-oriented regimes are well-connected to local suppliers, the potential for spillovers may be weak or non-existent. The report emphasizes the need for better-targeted and enforced exemption regimes to enhance local economic integration [18][19].